royal family of jerusalem

[30] Accordingly, Fulk "became so uxorious thatnot even in unimportant cases did he take any measures without her knowledge and assistance."[31]. The crusaders were unable to cross the Nile, and, suffering from disease and lack of supplies, retreated towards Damietta in April. [62], In October 1184, Guy of Lusignan led an attack on the Bedouin nomads from his base in Ascalon. Theobald, however, was frustrated by the Lombard War, and returned home in September 1240. Though some may be skeptical of the genealogical proof, many secular researchers of genealogy have studied the line of David. [22], During Baldwin I's reign, the kingdom expanded even further. [27] Baldwin was married to the Armenian noblewoman Morphia of Melitene, and had four daughters: Hodierna and Alice, who married into the families of the Count of Tripoli and Prince of Antioch; Ioveta, who became an influential abbess; and the eldest, Melisende, who was his heir and succeeded him upon his death in 1131, with her husband Fulk V of Anjou as king-consort. [85], The Ayyubids were still divided between Ayyub in Egypt, Isma'il in Damascus, and Dawud in Kerak. David | Biography, Summary, Goliath, Bathsheba, Reign, & Facts In the 19th and early 20th centuries, French scholars, such as E. G. Rey, Gaston Dodu, and Ren Grousset believed that the crusaders, Muslims and Christians lived in a totally integrated society. The chivalric Order. In 1265, Baibars took Caesarea, Haifa and Arsuf, and Safad and Toron in 1266. [55] Internationally, the Lusignans were useful as vassals of Baldwin and Sibylla's cousin Henry II of England. The expedition was defeated and two of Raynald's men were actually taken to Mecca to be executed in public. At Limassol, Frederick demanded that John give up not only the regency of Cyprus, but also John's own lordship of Beirut on the mainland. In June the Haute Cour granted the regency to Alice of Champagne, who, as the daughter of Isabella I, was Conrad's great-aunt and his closest relative living in the kingdom. [52], Soon afterwards, Philip of Flanders arrived in Jerusalem on pilgrimage; he was Baldwin IV's cousin, and the king offered him the regency and command of the army, both of which Philip refused, although he objected to the appointment of Raynald as regent. The royal family has shown a particular interest in the welfare of Holocaust survivors of late. John also attacked Tyre, but was defeated by Filangieri at the Battle of Casal Imbert in May 1232. Five reasons why we love Parry's Jerusalem - BBC Conrad, who was now the nearest kinsman to Baldwin V in the male line, and had already proved himself a capable military leader, then married Isabella, but Guy refused to concede the crown. "[10] However, the main objective quickly became the control of the Holy Land. Greeks, Syriacs, and Jews continued to live as they had before, subject to their own laws and courts, with their former Muslim overlords simply replaced by the crusaders; Muslims now joined them at the lowest level of society. Saladin's brother Al-Adil Sayf ad-Din (often called "Saphadin" by the crusaders) acquired al-Jazira (northern Mesopotamia), and al-Adil's son al-Mu'azzam took possession of Karak and Transjordan. Whatever the reason for the failure, the French and German armies returned home, and a few years later Damascus was firmly under Nur ad-Din's control. In February, the crusaders were defeated at the Battle of al-Mansurah, where Robert of Artois was killed. Fulk used this time to construct numerous castles, including Ibelin and Kerak. His brother Baldwin of Boulogne successfully outmanoeuvred Daimbert and claimed Jerusalem for himself as "King of the Latins of Jerusalem". 1, bk. [83], Meanwhile, in Italy, the Pope had used Frederick's excommunication as an excuse to invade his Italian territories; the papal armies were led by Frederick's former father-in-law John of Brienne. Davidic line - Wikipedia A brief intervention in 11371138 by the Byzantine emperor John II Comnenus, who wished to assert imperial suzerainty over all the crusader states, did nothing to stop the threat of Zengi; in 1139 Damascus and Jerusalem recognized the severity of the threat to both states, and an alliance was concluded which halted Zengi's advance. [59], In 1183 a general tax was levied throughout the kingdom, which was unprecedented in Jerusalem and almost all of medieval Europe to that point. Egypt, concerned about the new threat posed by the Babylonians, moved northward to support Assyria. Gordon Lightfoot's Death Leaves Fans, Celebs & Critics Wrecked On Henry became the undisputed king of Cyprus, but continued to support the Ibelins over the Lusignans and the imperial party. The extent to which native Islamic and Eastern Christian courts continued to function is unknown, but the ra'is probably exercised some legal authority on a local level. Baldwin II was an able ruler, and he too successfully defended against Fatimid and Seljuk invasions. In 1196, al-Afdal was driven out of Damascus by al Adil in alliance with Uthman. List of titles and honours of Anne, Princess Royal - Wikipedia The Order of St John, formally known as The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, is a Royal Order of Chivalry first constituted as such by Royal Charter from Queen Victoria in 1888. The Patriarch of Jerusalem and the Anglican Archbishop in Jerusalem consecrated the oil at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre earlier this year. They could be sold or alienated just like any other property, and later in the 12th century, they were often under the protection of a lesser noble or one of the military orders.[123]. "[104] Although Muslims, as well as Jews and Eastern Christians, had virtually no rights in the countryside, where they were essentially the property of the crusader lord who owned the land,[105] tolerance for other faiths was in general no higher or lower than that found elsewhere in the Middle East. During Louis' captivity, Turanshah was overthrown by his Mamluk soldiers, led by the general Aybak, who then released Louis in May in return for Damietta and a large ransom. There's a British Royal Buried in Jerusalem - The Forward Kingdom of Jerusalem - Wikipedia [51] After William of Montferrat arrived in 1176, he fell ill and died in June 1177, leaving Sibylla widowed and pregnant with the future Baldwin V. Raynald was then named regent. The money economy of Jerusalem meant that their manpower problem could be partially solved by paying for mercenaries, an uncommon occurrence in medieval Europe. His son Solomon expanded the empire that David built. Jerusalem was especially involved in the silk, cotton and spice trade; other items that first appeared in Europe through trade with crusader Jerusalem included oranges and sugar, the latter of which chronicler William of Tyre called "very necessary for the use and health of mankind." The Royal Family @RoyalFamily At The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the Chrism oil which will be used to anoint The King at the Coronation in May has been consecrated by The Patriarch of Jerusalem and the Anglican Archbishop in Jerusalem. Meanwhile, Baldwin IV's stepmother Maria, mother of Isabella and stepmother of Sibylla, married Balian of Ibelin. Prince Philip heartbreak:Duke's crippling Royal Family dilemma exposed Before her death in December 1969, she requested that she be laid to rest in the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. The Royal Family is an American sitcom television series that ran on CBS between September 18, 1991 and May 13, 1992. [65], Raymond of Tripoli allied with Saladin against Guy and allowed a Muslim garrison to occupy his fief in Tiberias, probably hoping that Saladin would help him overthrow Guy. The crusaders, meanwhile, marched to Ascalon. After the loss of all territory in the Levant in 1291, there were late attempts at further crusades, nominally proposing to recapture Jerusalem, but with the rise of the Ottoman Empire Agricultural production was regulated by the iqta, a Muslim system of land ownership and payments roughly (though far from exactly) equivalent to the feudal system of Europe, and this system was not heavily disrupted by the crusaders. William of Tyre, introduction by Babcock and Krey, pg. Zengi's territory had been divided amongst his sons after his death, and Damascus no longer felt threatened, so an alliance had been made with Zengi's son Nur ad-Din, the emir of Aleppo. She was supported by, among others, Manasses of Hierges, who essentially governed for her as constable; her son Amalric, whom she set up as Count of Jaffa; Philip of Milly; and the Ibelin family. When Uthman died in 1198, al Afdal returned to power as regent in Egypt for Uthman's infant son. It is highly probable that Raymond or his supporters engineered the assassination. The Chrism oil which will be used to anoint His Majesty The King on 6th May 2023 has been consecrated in Jerusalem. Josiah Russell calculates that all of Syria had about 2.3 million people at the time of the crusades, with perhaps eleven thousand villages; most of these, of course, were outside of crusader rule even at the greatest extent of all four crusader states. In December 1182, Raynald launched a naval expedition on the Red Sea, which made it as far south as Rabigh. Although Baldwin's presence despite his illness was inspirational, direct military decisions were actually made by Raynald. Raymond and Bohemond were King Baldwin's nearest male relatives in the paternal line, and could have claimed the throne if the king died without an heir or a suitable replacement. The consecration of the Coronation Oil | The Royal Family II, bk. During Louis IX's stay in Acre, Henry I died in 1253, and was succeeded in Cyprus by his infant son Hugh II. Key use of the word dragoman, literally translator, with Syriac administrators and Arabic headsmen represented the direct need for negotiation of interests on both sides. Malik-Shah was succeeded in the Anatolian Sultanate of Rm by Kilij Arslan I, and in Syria by his brother Tutush I, who died in 1095. The nobles, along with the bishops, formed the haute cour (high court), which was responsible for confirming the election of a new king (or a regent if necessary), collecting taxes, minting coins, allotting money to the king, and raising armies. He was reconciled with Raymond of Tripoli and appointed him military commander. By JOSEF FEDERMAN April 4, 2021. According to the release from the royal family, the lunch event "brings millions of people together annually to boost community . Daimbert compromised by crowning Baldwin I in Bethlehem rather than Jerusalem, but the path for a monarchy had been laid. The war also spread to Tripoli and Antioch, where the Embriaco family, descended from Genoese crusaders, was pitted against Bohemond VI of Antioch, who supported the Venetians. [56], The dispute between the two factions in the kingdom affected the election of a new Patriarch in 1180. The influence of Jerusalem was further extended over Edessa and Antioch, where Baldwin II acted as regent when their own leaders were killed in battle, although there were regency governments in Jerusalem as well during Baldwin's captivity. Jewish millionaire Michael Lewis marries niece of - The Jerusalem Post John made peace with Damascus and attempted to regain Ascalon; the Egyptians, now ruled by the Mamluk sultanate, besieged Jaffa in 1256 in response. The kingship of Jerusalem was partially elective and partially hereditary. [13], The crusaders arrived at Jerusalem in June 1099; a few of the neighbouring towns (Ramla, Lydda, Bethlehem, and others) were taken first, and Jerusalem itself was captured on July 15. According to William of Tyre, Godfrey may have supported Daimbert's efforts, and he agreed to take possession of "one or two other cities and thus enlarge the kingdom" if Daimbert were permitted to rule Jerusalem. Five things you did not know about the Royal family 2. She appointed, as bailli, her husband Henry of Antioch (who was also Plaisance's uncle), but died in 1264. 197, 205. [5] French Crusaders also brought their language to the Levant, thus establishing Old French as the lingua franca of the Crusader states, in which Latin served as the official language. Pyramids in Jerusalem - Archaeology Magazine Archive It lasted for almost two hundred years, from the accession of Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 until the siege of Acre in 1291. Josiah C. Russell, "Population of the Crusader States", in Setton, ed. The arrival of the crusade was a brief respite from the Lombard War; Filangieri remained in Tyre and did not participate. [87], A new crusade was discussed at the Council of Lyon in 1245 by Pope Innocent IV. [20] Godfrey did indeed increase the boundaries of the kingdom, by capturing Jaffa, Haifa, Tiberias, and other cities, and reducing many others to tributary status. [11], Egypt and much of Palestine were controlled by the Arab Shi'ite Fatimid Caliphate, which had extended further into Syria before the arrival of the Seljuks. [120] Escape for prisoners and slaves was probably not difficult, as the inhabitants of the countryside were majority Muslim, and fugitive slaves were always a problem. It was also claimed by Otto von Habsburg as Habsburg pretender until 1958, and by the kings of Italy until 1946. II, bk. They sacked Baghdad in 1258, and Aleppo and Damascus in 1260, destroying both the Abbasid caliphate and the last vestiges of the Ayyubid dynasty. For more than a century, they prospered as moneylenders. Baldwin was able to replace Manasses with one of his own supporters, Humphrey II of Toron. Although they never gave up their core identity as Western Europeans or Franks, their clothing, diet, and commercialism integrated much Oriental, particularly Byzantine, influence. With Della Reese, Mariann Aalda, Sylver Gregory, Larenz Tate. The decades-long refusal of the royal family to undertake an official visit to the State of Israel - while having no such hesitations over trips to authoritarian monarchies such as Saudi Arabia. After meeting in Acre in June, the crusading kings Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany agreed with Melisende, Baldwin III and the major nobles of the kingdom to attack Damascus. Fulk was then faced with a new and more dangerous enemy: the atabeg Zengi of Mosul, who had taken control of Aleppo and had set his sights on Damascus as well; the union of these three states would have been a serious blow to the growing power of Jerusalem. [98] In the mid-20th century, scholars such as Joshua Prawer, R. C. Smail, Meron Benvenisti, and Claude Cahen argued instead that the crusaders lived totally segregated from the native inhabitants, who were thoroughly Arabicized and/or Islamicized and were a constant threat to the foreign crusaders. [114] It has been estimated by scholars such as Joshua Prawer and Meron Benvenisti that there were at most 120,000 Franks and 100,000 Muslims living in the cities, with another 250,000 Muslim and Eastern Christian peasants in the countryside. Fulcher's chronicle was very popular and was used as a source by other historians in the west, such as Orderic Vitalis and William of Malmesbury. Nevertheless, the king was elected, or at least recognized, by the Haute Cour. 23, pp. As King Baldwin, although now blind and crippled, had recovered enough to resume his reign and his command of the army, Guy was removed from the regency and his five-year-old stepson, King Baldwin's nephew and namesake Baldwin, was crowned as co-king in November. The naval battle was won by Venice, and the Genoese were forced to abandon their quarter and flee to Tyre with Philip. The subsequent events have often been interpreted as a struggle between two opposing factions, the "court party", made up of Baldwin's mother, Amalric's first wife Agnes of Courtenay, her immediate family, and recent arrivals from Europe who were inexperienced in the affairs of the kingdom and who were in favour of war with Saladin; and the "noble party", led by Raymond of Tripoli and the lesser nobility of the kingdom, who favoured peaceful co-existence with the Muslims. One example is the first-century Tomb of the Kings, the burial place of the queen of Adiabene and her son. It was hoped that by allying with a relative of the western emperor, Frederick would come to the kingdom's aid. The siege was lifted in December and Saladin retreated to Damascus. By the time that the crusaders were ready supplies were already running out and the fleet retired. Qalawun died before he could retaliate, but his son al-Ashraf Khalil arrived to besiege Acre in April 1291. Baldwin and Melisende knew that this situation was untenable. With the Fall of Ruad in 1302, the Kingdom of Jerusalem lost its final outpost on the Levantine coast, its possession closest to the Holy Land now being Cyprus. 18 ch. [14] On 22 July, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to establish a king for the newly created Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tributes are pouring in for legendary Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot, who died on Monday at the age of 84. A Palestinian prisoner died in Israeli custody early Tuesday after a hunger strike of nearly three months, Israel's prison service announced.. Khader Adnan began his strike shortly after being . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. While all three were independent, they were closely tied to Jerusalem. The Cypriot nobles were already quarrelling amongst themselves about the regency for Henry I of Cyprus, who was still a child. Amalric accomplished nothing else, but his actions prompted Shawar to switch sides again and seek help from Shirkuh. The royal family has had a complicated relationship with Israel and the Jewish people. In addition, Philip seemed to think he could carve out a territory of his own in Egypt, but he refused to participate in the planned Byzantine-Jerusalem expedition. Harry and Meghan coronation reply delayed due to 'extensive back and forth' over seating plan. Queen Elizabeth with Holocaust survivors On January 27, 2005, the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, Queen Elizabeth hosted a group of Holocaust survivors in St. James's Palace in the center of London. New Jewish song, prayer for King Charles III 'Coronation Shabbat' Many chronicles of individual pilgrims are collected together in the, Ronnie Ellenblum, Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (. In March, Frederick crowned himself in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but because of his excommunication and the interdict Jerusalem was never truly reincorporated into the kingdom, which continued to be ruled from Acre. Jordan's king sends tough message on dissent in royal family - AP NEWS Both kings preferred to remain at home to defend their own territories, rather than act as regent for a child in Jerusalem. The kingdom was ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse, although the crusaders themselves and their descendants were an elite Catholic minority. The King will not forego the . Humphrey went to Jerusalem and swore allegiance to Guy and Sibylla, as did most of Raymond's other supporters. Al Royal and his wife Victoria had just settled down to retire when their daughter Elizabeth, newly divorced from a man that Al had always hated, moved back home with her three children, Curtis, Kim, and Hillary. [36] In 1153, Baldwin launched an offensive against Ascalon, the fortress in the south from which Fatimid Egyptian armies had continually raided Jerusalem since the foundation of the kingdom. The crusaders "had a natural tendency to ignore these matters as simply without interest and certainly not worthy of record. [130], There were other, lesser courts for non-nobles and non-Latins; the Cour des Bourgeois provided justice for non-noble Latins, dealing with minor criminal offences such as assault and theft, and provided rules for disputes between non-Latins, who had fewer legal rights. Baldwin proved to be an effective and energetic king as well as being a brilliant military commander: he defeated Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard in September 1177 despite being greatly outnumbered and having to rely on a levee-en-masse. [112] Rather, the commonality of Frankish Christians having non-Frankish priests, doctors, and other roles within households and inter-cultural communities presents the lack of standardized discrimination. There were also a small number of Jews and Samaritans. Plaisance died in 1261, but as her son Hugh II was still underage, Cyprus passed to his cousin Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan, whose mother Isabella of Cyprus, Alice of Champagne and Hugh I of Cyprus' daughter and Hugh II's aunt, took over the regency in Acre. [122], The nomadic Bedouin tribes were considered to be the property of the king and under his protection. The Davidic line or House of David (Hebrew: , romanized: Beit David) refers to the lineage of the Israelite king David.In Judaism it is based on texts from the Hebrew Bible and through the succeeding centuries based on later traditions. Then in 1277, Maria of Antioch sold her claim to the kingdom to Charles of Anjou, who sent Roger of San Severino to represent him. As in Europe the nobles had vassals and were themselves vassals to the king. William of Tyre, vol. Palestine had always been a crossroads for trade; now, this trade extended to Europe as well. Saladin attacked Kerak again in April, and in May, a Muslim raiding party ran into the much smaller embassy on its way to negotiate with Raymond, and defeated it at the Battle of Cresson near Nazareth. Once again the target was Egypt. The native Christians and Muslims, who were a marginalized lower class, tended to speak Greek and Arabic, while the crusaders, who came mainly from France, spoke French. [57], At the end of 1181, Raynald of Chtillon raided south into Arabia, in the direction of Medina, although he did not make it that far. The text describes king Nebuchadnezzar's invasion of Jerusalem, including his capture and exile of king Jehoiachin. The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (reigned 12201250) had ambitions in the Crusader state, claiming the kingdom by marriage, but his presence sparked a civil war (12281243) among the kingdom's nobility. They were second-class citizens and played no part in politics or law, and owed no military service to the crown, although in some cities they may have been the majority of the population. As compensation, Richard sold Guy the island of Cyprus, which Richard had captured on the way to Acre, although Guy continued to claim the throne of Jerusalem until his death in 1194.[70]. In October, the Khwarazmians, along with the Egyptian army under the command of Baibars, were met by the Frankish army, led by Philip of Montfort, Walter of Brienne, and the masters of the Templars, Hospitallers, and Teutonic Knights, along with al-Mansur and Dawud. Prince Charles visits Jerusalem tomb of his - The Times of Israel His nephew Baldwin was paraded in public, wearing his crown as Baldwin V. Baldwin IV finally succumbed to his leprosy in May 1185. It is impossible to give an accurate estimate of the population of the kingdom. Baibars was free to continue his campaigns: in 1270 he had the Assassins kill Philip of Montfort, and in 1271 he captured the Hospitaller and Teutonic Knights strongholds of Krak des Chevaliers and Montfort Castle. This is the interpretation offered by William of Tyre, who was firmly placed in the "noble" camp, and his view was taken up by subsequent historians; in the 20th century, Marshall W. Baldwin,[43] Steven Runciman,[44] and Hans E. Mayer[45] favoured this interpretation. [26], Baldwin died without heirs in 1118, during a campaign against Egypt, and the kingdom was offered to his brother Eustace III of Boulogne, who had accompanied Baldwin and Godfrey on the crusade. A royal family is the immediate family of kings/queens, emirs/emiras, sultans/sultanas, or raja/rani and sometimes their extended family. We have already forgotten the places of our birth; already they have become unknown to many of us, or, at least, are unmentioned.[95]. Richard returned to Europe in 1241. The papal legate Daimbert of Pisa convinced Godfrey to hand over Jerusalem to him as Latin Patriarch, with the intention to set up a theocratic state directly under papal control. Royal Family (TV series) - Wikipedia King Baldwin, although quite ill, was still able to command the army in person. John defeated them, and afterwards gave up the bailliage to his cousin John of Arsuf. Richard backed Guy, his vassal from Poitou, while Philip supported Conrad, a cousin of his late father Louis VII. The rooms offer air conditioning, and getting online is possible, as free wifi is available, allowing you to rest and refresh with ease. For the next seven centuries, up to today, a veritable multitude of European monarchs have used the title of King of Jerusalem. There was a very large slave market in Acre that functioned throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Jerusalem collected money through tribute payments, first from the coastal cities which had not yet been captured, and later from other neighbouring states such as Damascus and Egypt, which the crusaders could not conquer directly. In the winter the crusaders were affected by floods and disease, and the siege dragged on throughout 1219, when Francis of Assisi arrived to attempt to negotiate a truce. Mercenaries could be fellow European crusaders, or, perhaps more often, Muslim soldiers, including the famous Turcopoles. Crusades, vol. 1. JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Prince William's tour of Israel and the Palestinian Territories is the first official visit by a member of the royal family, but the Holy Land is familiar ground to the . ROYAL JERUSALEM - Updated 2023 Hotel Reviews (Israel) - Tripadvisor [75] Both Isabella and Aimery died in 1205 and again an underage girl, Isabella and Conrad's daughter Maria of Montferrat, became queen of Jerusalem. T he royal who was inked in Jerusalem. The sugar exploitation system pioneered in the Kingdom of Jerusalem is seen as a precursor to the sugar plantations in the Americas.[124]. Currently, His Majesty King Charles III is the Sovereign Head of The Order of St John. The crusaders moved their headquarters north to cities such as Tortosa, but lost that too, and were forced to relocate their headquarters offshore to Cyprus. He was a sickly child and died in the summer of 1186. When Prince Philip, honoring his mother, became the 1st UK royal to To work on the sugar fields, Italian colonists utilized slaves or serfs of Arab or Syrian origin, or local serfs. Emperor Frederick had, in fact, never left Europe at all. The Inaugural Reunion of the Davidic Dynasty was held at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York. Neither side could agree to terms, despite the Ayyubid offer of a thirty-year truce and the restoration of Jerusalem and most of the rest of the former kingdom. 22, ch. Thereafter, this claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem was treated as a tributary of the crown of Naples, which often changed hands by testament or conquest rather than direct inheritance. He who was a Roman or Frank has in this land been made into a Galilaean, or an inhabitant of Palestine. Not everyone appreciated the imposition of a foreigner as king. Special courts such as the Cour de la Fond (for commercial disputes in the markets) and the Cour de la Mer (an admiralty court) existed in the coastal cities. Palestinian prisoner dies in Israel after long hunger strike Plans for a new crusade to be led by Frederick came to nothing, and Frederick himself was excommunicated by Gregory IX again in 1239. The crusade came to an end peacefully, with the Treaty of Ramla negotiated in 1192; Saladin allowed pilgrimages to be made to Jerusalem, allowing the crusaders to fulfill their vows, after which they all returned home. Almost as soon as Jerusalem had been captured, and continuing throughout the 12th century, many pilgrims arrived and left accounts of the new kingdom; among them are the English Swulf, the Kievan Abbot Daniel, the Frank Fretellus, the Byzantine Johannes Phocas, and the Germans John of Wrzburg and Theoderich. [100], According to Ellenblum's interpretation, the inhabitants of the Kingdom (Latin Christians living alongside native Greek and Syriac Christians, Shia and Sunni Arabs, Sufis, Bedouin, Druze, Jews, and Samaritans) all had major differences between each other as well as with the crusaders.
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