The Yasgheld (/'jz.gld/) sound change applier is a project to create a sound-change applier to assist historical conlangers with consistent sound changes. You signed in with another tab or window. it won't add .txt to your file name. The middle (y) part can be blank, as in The 2014 edition includes 2155 inventories that contain 2160 segment types found in 1672 distinct languages., The World Phonotactics Database is a searchable database containing information about phonotactic restrictions of languages of the world. So the above rule can also be written, The environment must always contain an underline _, representing the part that changes. This basic structure can be expanded for more tricky rules. certainly want to handle vowel length and stress. Allows a quick access to all symbols and diacritics of the Phonetic Alphabet as of 2005. E.g. Language predictability is one person's goal and the thing another person avoids with all their effort, so be mindful of what you're aiming for and create accordingly. Cookie Notice One of the things I'm really passionate about is phonetics vs. phonology. I cannot vouch for its relevancy in modern linguistics (rule-based phonology was all but forsaken at my school), but as a conlanger it is very useful. TypeIt also features 20 Latin alphabets and their extensions as well as matematical, currency and miscellaneous Unicode symbols. SCA - sound change applier - help - Zompist.com A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. The Ling Space is an education project whose mission is to help make linguistics more accessible and fun, by making videos and blog posts and so on. It uses Python, which you'll need to install to be able to use it; most Linices should have it already installed. Velarization is a secondary articulation of a consonant where the back of the tongue is raised towards the velum. sound changes. Consonants can palatalize before or after a front vowel ([i], [e]) or a palatal consonant ([j]), perhaps ending up as an affricate or fricative. Are words based on acronyms treated differently when the language changes over time? Only show final output (no arrows) Save Output Words . -l overrides -b if present) and They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans multiple syllables, such as umlaut. Sound changes are born every time we speak. foot/feet, and vowel harmony is prominent in e.g. this rule will change a member of S to Z if there is a vowel V anywhere following it: The symbol is the third character in the IPA list. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . Output format tells how you want each line of the output to look like. The environment can contain variables, like V above. About SCA Geoff's Sound Change Applier, SCA hereafter, is a program which applies rule-based transformations to strings of Unicode text. Sound Change Appliers : r/conlangs - Reddit language family for ideas. . u/o/_# (Spaces between >, ->, => and / are insignificant.). says to delete voiced stops between vowels. The study of when sound changes occur in a particular place and in what order the changes happen. TriSCA - a new web-based sound change applier. use accented vowels for this. My plan to create these daughter languages is by using the zompist.com sound change applier app to evolve the words of my language into multiple daughter languages, and then apply semantic shifts, borrowings, and other pieces of worldbuilding contextbut that's a separate issue. For me, there is a peculiar, intense pleasure in creating a daughter language with a particular feel to it, merely by altering the set of It is also available on iTunes and you can now support them on Patreon. This option is useful for very long vocabulary lists. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. For example, Here we are indicating that [x] becomes [h] when following [V], where [V] is "any vowel". I haven't been able to get solid answers. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . Variables can only be one character long (unless you use rewrite rules). Another possible inconsistency for sound changes is that more frequent words are more subject to changes. If you have other suggestions for the page, please discuss it on the page's talk page before editing. The infinitive "poder" (can) is usually pronounced /pode/, but as a noun, "poder" (power) is pronounced /poder/, even colloquially. What sort of sound changes should you use? Guide:Conlanging tools - Linguifex Or you can output HTML or ZBB BBCode. Sound changes, as they're called, are a major driving force of language change. Palatalization is the shifting of a consonant towards the palate. It's been a while). Some of these examples are my own, and I apologize if they don't work as universal examples. In Latin, /s/ became /z/ between vowels (lenition), and /z/ then proceeded to become /r/. compare it to is creating new animals indirectly, by mutating their DNA. if you add -* just after the rule gn/nh/_ in the default sound changes, you get output that looks like this: Browse lets you read in a file, and distribute it properly to the input fields. gn/nh/_ p/b/V_V (See here for how to add glosses. SIL International (formerly the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a US-based, worldwide, Christian non-profit organization, whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages and aid minority language development. Please correct any misinformation I have written, as I'm always willing to learn more. Reviewing 3 Sound Change Appliers for Conlang Phonological - YouTube phono - Phonology Builder. Each character in the replacement variable (here Z) If your browser doesnt support these, Ive kept the old methods, which involved consolidating everything into the Sound Changes field. What are common origins of accusative case markers? This means that s is deleted when it ends a word. So, for instance, the following rule is It's a pretty powerful tool for something like I've been working on, creating a proto-conlang with multiple daughter languages. an underline _, representing the Z//V_V Examples: Input Words Sound Changes Output >> >> Load Input Words. . variables can't include them. Scan this QR code to download the app now. These are defined in the Categories box. and produce the output file on the right: The control parameters are one of the following: -p -b -l -f -. You do this by including the special line -* at the appropriate point in your sound changes file. p goes to b, Chronlang is a simple computer language that allows you to define sound changes in a syntax based on linguistic literature and familiar to users of other popular sound change appliers. historical linguistics - Across West Germanic Languages, what sound phono - phonology creator - Zompist.com The z part must always contain They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans . degemination (making single consonants from double consonants). The question concerns Sound Change Appliers (SCAs). All I can think of to He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. where the __# means that the stop in question (__) is at the end of a word (#). . Try creating a rule where /e/ only deletes in the second syllable and only if the first syllable is . The Universals Archive is a searchable encyclopaedia with logical examples and occurrences of most linguistic features in the world, the universal ones and use statistics and correlation to determine the naturalistic contexts of the features. >How does that work with mergers? The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. At year 800, /ategutul/ started to change meaning a be a bit more specific (semantic narrowing). Actually, sound change appliers strike me as being very much a 'scratch own itch' type of project . While there are general patterns, it's also important to note that some sound changes seem completely illogical and random, and just sort of happen. Files include input lexicon affects the file sharing buttons. the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. Hit Undo parse/upload, which will restore the state of your input fields before the last Browse or Parse command. based on spellings or phonemes. erickcan/sound-change-applier - Github to use an orthography where every phoneme corresponds to a single character. Landing Page | conlang.tools (I encourage you to fill in the line as a comment, e.g. Year 900, people need another way to say 'very gross', so they create /atek/ + /tul/ which would be /atektul/ but /kt/ is not allowed. It interacts with Google Maps to show geographical diffusion and concrete examples. will merge. The information of the atlas is published under a Creative Commons license by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and by the Max Planck Digital Library. In that case, make sure Rewrite on output is unchecked. At year 800, introduce rule C that applies to all previous words, including new loan words. Those are the main ones. y is what it changes to, Is "I didn't think it was serious" usually a good defence against "duty to rescue"? S=ptc So, The replacement string can be blank, as in. to each word: People rarely say any word perfectly; perhaps your was a little too far forward, or your wasn't rounded as much as it normally would be. Sound change appliers are powerful and useful tools, but they can have trouble with certain kinds of changes. Lexurgy SC - Meamoria I spent a good part of my day recently messing around with the zompist sound change applier . E.g. To age a conlang, you might consider making a timeline of changes. The episode are full of interesting and knowledgeable discussions which last around the hour. conlang GitHub Topics GitHub This allows you to test for something earlier or later on in the word. rev2023.4.21.43403. This is a Javascript program to help build phonological inventories. Let's take a look at the most common ones. Rules apply in the order they're listed. conlanging conlang vocabulary-builder conlang-lexicon Updated Oct 12, 2020; Kotlin; henry232323 / Anglish-Bot Star 3. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I think both answers have done a good job answering my question without leaving too much out. And of course, you're considering a whole family tree, so you're going to need to do this exercise multiple times. Similar ideas are umlaut and vowel harmony, in which vowels change depending on other vowels in the word. the first gives the name of the .lex file, containing the lexicon; The replacement string must be nonblank, and the environment must contain at least one symbol besides _. Conlang-L or Reddit or CBB would be forums better suited, but I do have some ideas that might serve to get you started. E.g. This is a Javascript program to implement sound changes. Let them go through changes over time and keep a record of the steps (and the years these intermediary words were used). the correct pronunciation of the word 60% of the time, and make only minor errors lector --> leitor. Now type cd plus the name of the directory Four vowels, with no /i/ sound. The program is available in three forms. Variables can only be one character long. 101 examples on affix borrowing between languages. Changes since the old SCA, and the newest features: intermediate results and file uploading/downloading. I took these notes a few years ago from Lyle Campbell's Historical Linguistics 1st ed. N is any nasal. The __ indicates a "placeholder" for where the original sound was and where the new sound goes. SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. You can examine the history of any This means we can read this as "post-vocalic [x] becomes [h] in initial syllables only.". Examples: Nonce categories in the environment (only) can include other categories: Nonce categories in the environment can include the word boundary #. Although it seems like sound change happens regardless of grammar, this is not necessarily true. The program will handle whatever you put into the .lex and .sc conlanging GitHub Topics GitHub Lateral consonants + Palatal click. Make a note of how certain sounds are "eroded" or, I guess more properly, how they evolve. Please note: right-click on the links to Is it possible? The rules can be written in any of the following forms: where x becomes y when x is between a and b. Join. Svelte; Improve this page Add a description, image, and links to the sound-change-applier topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? 1 / 0. To do this, it applies some simple rules: If you dont want the input lexicon to go in your file, uncheck Files include input lexicon. So you really have a lot of room for creativity here, while still being able to be naturalistic. What are the most common sound changes in natlangs? Sit back in astoundment how you've just discovered several sound change rules! Just as a comment, umlaut and vowel harmony are really just subsets of assimilation. The basic idea here is that when you're making your conlang you should have in your mind a parent language (or proto-language) and a child language. resulting in obra. sound-changes conlanging historical-conlanging Updated Jun 6, 2017; Haskell; To help with this, some conlangers have written computer programs called Sound change appliers that automate much of this work for you. (Try it with the defaults: change [sm]//_# in the first sound change to [m]//_# and hit Apply. Sound changes are hard to get right the first try, and it can take a lot of tinkering and experimentation to produce the results you want. Geoff's Sound Change Applier. So if you have a rule, Epenthesis is supported by leaving the target part of the rule blank. For instance. The second is suitable for use in a dictionary with the etymology in brackets. Hit Generate to create a random wordlist. that would handle the change from civitatem with /k/ to cidade with /s/. consonants, meta and meda A warning though: so they operate quickly, the rewrite rules are global and non-contextual. Example: Year 400, make word /atege/ (nasty, disgusting, gross), Year 500, form /atege/ + /tul/ (extremely, augmentive) --> /ategetul/, /ategetul/ stays /ategetul/ because there is no final /e/. F=ie The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, APiCS, is similar to WALS but is just for pidgins and creoles. How do you model language changes with wave theory (areal developments)? The notation used is the same as in @Doorknob's answer above. Runs from the command line using Java and is easily configured with text files. Now you can run sounds as described above. An IPA chart by the devoted web-developer Weston Ruter. suppose you've defined > Regular expression syntax? Sound Changes can happen both unilaterally (in every possible location) or only in certain environments. The information is well-sourced and edited by knowledgeable linguist from all over the world. Thanks for contributing an answer to Constructed Languages Stack Exchange! Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common sound changes, Last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37, https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common_sound_changes&oldid=4019626. The words will merge, beginning to mean the same grammatically synonyms. It takes some practice to be able to do this well, so don't worry too much if the final product isn't exactly the same as your draft. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The latest version is here! Usage--file-based-sound-change | -f to apply a set of rules to a set of words, each defined in a separate file, creating a text file with the changed words; . I will add more features as people request them or as I get new ideas. Russian could be. Show me where the stops become fricatives! Two different questions only mildly related = too broad. Thorough documentation is available by pressing the "Help" button, and all the code is open-source and is available on GitHub under the GNU GPLv3 license. Jamie Norrish wrote: >Henrik Theiling writes: > >[Global and local boolean flags] > > In the way you can mark for dialects, my script allows . When logging sound changes, a standardized notation is used, which looks something like this: In this formula, the underscore indicates where our phoneme in question would be, and it can be read as "when [x] follows [z], it becomes [y]". If you use accented vowels, you will include explanation of the X -> Y / Z notation. "Save as type" dropdown to "All files" instead of "Text documents". Rules apply in the order theyre listed. Categories: x/y/z You can write transformation rules at the beginning of your sound change list This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 21:39. It suggests further reading for those who want to know more and shortcuts for those who want to know less. rather than to both the screen and the file. Make your vowels become other vowels and keep me guessing. need it on those occasions when I want to do some conlanging, which I haven't had much time for recently. At the bottom of the Output section you'll see a link Download output lexicon. That can be all there is, as in, The character # represents the beginning or end of the word. (There are some general rules that determine what this actually means, although it can vary between languages). Vowels next to nasal consonants very often become nasal themselves. Is there a generic term for these trajectories? PHOIBLE Online is a repository of cross-linguistic phonological inventory data, which have been extracted from source documents and tertiary databases and compiled into a single searchable convenience sample. In some languages, such as Russian and Irish, velarized consonants often contrast with palatalized consonants. Some of the most common general processes are: Lenition, probably one of the most common sound changes, in which a "softer" sound becomes a "louder" sound. want to change the definition of V. Though sound changes can refer to digraphs, This is an old version of Lexurgy. part that changes. Where do voiced consonants change? Rewrite rules: For instance, you may wonder whether the .lex file should be etc. I use capital letters At year 800, /atek/ means nasty and /tul/ means extremely but /ategetul/ means 'very gross food'. Variable definitions should come first, one per line; then sound changes, one per line. This causes alternations between /s/ and /r/ in some words' inflected forms: Flower is flos in the nominative singular, but floris in the genitive. t goes to d, cd c:\downloads\. By what means might the roots "let" and "ly" mean the same thing in a naturalistic conlang? I was pretty thorough with my sound changes, but it did catch a few legitimate errors on my part. One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. I'm pretty tired and I may have been at a trivia night or two myself tonight, so I'll proofread this in the morning. I don't see how this can be made less broad. You can use it to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang, or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 11 '06, 3:03) At year 725, a new word derives from a word from an ancient text from year 300. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Similarly, I wrote the rules to output This is a type of assimilation. is there such a thing as "right to be heard"? Here are the three SCA's shown in this video:SCA2: https://www.zompist.com/sca2.htmlTriSCA: https://trimill.github.io/sca/Lexurgy: https://www.lexurgy.com/s. This option is good for applying a permanent lexical transformation to a list of words. Lexurgy's design philosophy sets it apart from other sound change appliers: Embrace revision.