He is credited with transforming the Ethiopian Empire by expanding his kingdom into Wolayta, Sidama, and Kaffa kingdoms. Which one do you think is the one Moses defeated, as recorded by Josephus? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). XI. XI. The Derg abolished the monarchy on 21 March 1975. We call this the Solomonic Dynasty, which managed to hold off European colonialism and lasted until 1974. Akate (Za Sagado) IV 20 4244 1256 Tsaham I 2 5930 430 Dawit II - Wikipedia In order to weaken the emperor, Rome tried to buy Sahle Mariams cooperation with thousands of rifles. VIII. [2] The most notable pre-Solomonic usage of the title "Negusa Nagast" was by Ezana of Axum; despite this, prior to the beginning of the Solomonic Dynasty, most Axumite and Zagwe rulers went by negus. Nikosis Kandake IV (Queen) 10 5268 232 However, Yuri Kobishchanov dates this usage to the period following the Persian victory over the Romans in 296297. Iyoas 15 7264 1764 He also had a political agreement with Menilek II, his most significant rival. Ethiopian slave Ab al-Misk Kfr initially worked for Ikshdid dynasty founder Muammad ibn ughj, who later promoted him to a military officer. With their help, he imported firearms, the better to equip his armies and the garrisons and settlers that came in their wake. H.I.H. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE SOVEREIGNS FROM YEKUNO AMLAK, EMPEROR, AND OF HIS POSTERITY, ALL ISSUED FROM THE ANCIENT DYNASTIES WHICH WERE RAISED TO THE THRONE. He had to submit first to Tekle Giorgis (186872) and Yohannes IV (187289). Among the churches, Bete Giyorgis is the most famous. LX. The emperors of Ethiopia derived their right to rule based on two dynastic claims: their descent from the kings of Axum, and their descent from Menelik I, the son of Solomon and Makeda, Queen of Sheba. Messelme Kerarmer 8 5351 149 Creating a professional army are some of them. Tsaham Laknduga 9 5779 279 Axum rose as a trade empire around 100 CE, likely under Zoskales, and reached its peak as one of the most power empires in the world under King Ezana in the 4th century. Sulay Kawawmenun 20 5343 157 In 1963, the emperor convoked the first meeting of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), later to become the African Union. An emperor who fought his way to the central kingdom of the country, Yohannes IV was born on July 11, 1834, in Degol Weyane. XXXII. The Ethiopian Birr by Sophonias Woldu | Mar 3, 2023 | Ethiopia, Ethiopian History. Hadina (Queen) 10 5138 362 Negus Tafari Makonnen Dear Unique Masho, Please note that, Ethiopians have never called themselves Abyssinians, (Except those who oriented by or influenced by European scholars). Tsegay Beze Wark 4 5712 212 Ethiopian Emperors: Title & History | Study.com The negus is referred to as Al-Najashi () in the Islamic tradition. He was born in the district of Lasta, which is the power base for the Zagwe dynasty. Hohey 35 3245 2255 Gadagosh 13 6280 780 Sannib II 5 4269 1231 Although Yohannes on his deathbed named his son Ras Mengesha as his heir, and begged Ras Alula and his other nobles to support him, within a matter of weeks Menelik II was recognized throughout Ethiopia as the new emperor. While the surviving records of these kings fail to shed light on their origins, this genealogical claim was first documented in the 10th century by an Arab historian. The restored Solomonic dynasty, which claimed descent from the old Aksumite rulers, ruled Ethiopia from the 13th century until 1974. Shortly after his employ began, the then reigning sovereign Queen Raziya (1236- 1240) the first female monarch of Delhi took a liking to him. Amoy Mahasse 5 5465 35 Emperor Tewodros committed suicide, realizing his hopeless position. Names in italics indicate rulers who were usurpers or not widely recognized. With Italy's entry on the side of the Axis Powers in World War II, the African part of the British Empire aided Haile Selassie and anti-Italian Ethiopian forces in the East African campaign. Ethiopia has a rich and fascinating cultural heritage structured around water. Menilek II | Ethiopia, Contributions, Significance, & Emperor Nehasset Nais (Queen) 30 3096 2404 Emperor Menelik II achieved a major military victory against Italian invaders in March 1896 at the Battle of Adwa and conquered the modern borders of Ethiopia. XII. Atserk Amen III 10 5118 382 The emperor went into exile on May 2, 1936. IV. X. ELEVATION TO THE THRONE OF ATSE (EMPEROR) LEBNA DENGEL, AND THE INVASION OF ETHIOPIA BY GRAN. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. VI. He lost his mother on their way to England. XXVIII. Tomadyon Piyankihi III 12 4841 659 XVI. Seeking a society free of religious and ethnic divisions, he removed many of Menileks governors and integrated Muslims into the administration, outraging Ethiopias Christian ruling class. 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Chandragupta In the wake of the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce, Chandragupta (or Chandragupta Maurya), founder of the Mauryan dynasty, conquered the Punjab region from the southeastern edges of Alexander's former empire. Sahle Selassie | king of Ethiopia | Britannica Emperor Dawit fell back behind the Abay River to the relative security of Gojjam. Boeda Maryam 10 6970 1470 XXII. Lakniduga 25 3320 2180 Wiyankihi I 9 4369 1131 Menelik of Shewa, who descended from Solomonic emperors directly paternally through the Shewan Branch (junior only to the Gondar line), ascended the imperial throne following Yohannes IV's death, thus purporting to restore the male-line Solomonic tradition. Fasilides, also known as Alam Sagad, was a 17th-century emperor of Ethiopia who belonged to the Solomonic dynasty. Gafale Seb Asagad 1 5708 208 Alameda 8 5986 486 Dawit 5 7216 1716 XV. Emperor Haile Selassie I], XII. Milanos 62 2183 3317 Djan I 80 1386 4114 Menelik's successors ruled the country until the military coup in 1974. Claimed the Solomonic lineage through his mother. As the emperor sought to enhance the national power of Ethiopia, he increasingly took a direct hand in administration and, like the great French monarch, Louis XIV, he identified himself with the state. VI. Nakehte Kalnis 40 3610 1871 IX. Handu Wuha Abra 11 4969 531 Makaws 70 2041 3459 When he learned of the Italian interpretation, which was gaining some acceptance in Europe, he at once denied it and in 1893 renounced the whole treaty. XXI. Amen Asro I 30 3859 1641 Yekuno Amlak claimed that he could directly trace his ancestry back to Dil Na'od, the last Axumite king. The Fasil Ghebbi ( Amharic: ) is a fortress located in Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. She is also one of the typicalethiopian.com Author team. Kfr had successful campaigns in Syria and the Hejaz. Rakhu 30 3385 2115 V. Gariak II 60 1306 4194 Ethiopia profile - Timeline - BBC News And since knowing ones country is very much similar to knowing the kings and leaders, we will mention several Ethiopian Kings who influence the social and cultural aspects of the country. Nagash Zare V. Fasil 35 7162 1662 XIX. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Menilek-II, GlobalSecurity.org - Biography of Menelik II, Menelik II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Saloug 30 1799 3701 Dagena Mikael 26 6182 682 Bahr Ekla 19 6201 701 The crushing defeat of a European army greatly enhanced Menileks international reputation, causing a host of foreign advisers, ambassadors, emissaries, and adventurers to flow into the country. Empress Menen was active in promoting women's issues in Ethiopia, was Patroness of the Ethiopian Red Cross, and the Ethiopian Women's Charitable Organization. XX. Emperor of Ethiopia - Wikipedia Many plays, books, songs, and art works have been influenced by the life of Tewodros II of Ethiopia. VII. LII. XI. Germa Asafar 15 6146 646 Hakli Sergway 12 5643 143 XVIII. Deposed by nobility with the sanction of the. XLVI. In November of 1934, Italian troops marched to Wal Wal and skirmished with Ethiopian forces. Tewoflus 3 7207 1707 Dinedad 10 5460 40 LI. Gabra Maskal 14 6037 537 Armah Dawit 14 5964 464 Borsa (Queen) 67 1246 4254 Tsenfa Arad 1 6778 1278 The male line, through the descendants of Menelik's cousin Dejazmatch Taye Gulilat, still existed, but had been pushed aside largely because of Menelik's personal distaste for this branch of his family. The Conquering Lion of Judah, a title of the Ethiopian Emperor and a national symbol of Ethiopia. Menen Asfaw - Wikipedia On the death of Tewodros in 1868, Sahle Mariam, as negus of Shewa, aspired to the position of emperor, but he was not the only claimant. Hesba Nafi 4 6918 1418 Later Frumentious traveled to Alexandria to ask the Eastern Orthodox Church to assign a bishop to Aksum. XVII. It was the second-to-last country in Africa to use the title of emperor, as after it came the short-lived Central African Empire, which lasted between 1976 and 1979 under Emperor Bokassa I. Sabe II 15 3644 1856 IV. Sabaka II 12 4760 740 Libne Dingel suffered through the aftermath of grans invasion; thus, his faith was frequently tasted. Ethiopia country profile - BBC News Mesenh Germasir 7 5585 85 [13] II. Iyasu modernized the Ethiopian criminal code and created a municipal police force called the Terenbulle. VI. Exiled from 2 May 1936 to 5 April 1941, during the. Atsgaba Seifa Arad 6 5753 253 Ras Makonnen, now H.I.M. Takla Haymanot 1788-89 V. Asfeh Ilassahl 2 months Kashta Walda Ahuhu 20 5098 402 Haile Selassie I, original name Tafari Makonnen, (born July 23, 1892, near Harer, Ethiopiadied August 27, 1975, Addis Ababa), emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 who sought to modernize his country and who steered it into the mainstream of post- World War II African politics. Nikawla Kandat (Queen) 10 5168 332 Tatawdem 40 6473 973 Luzay 12 5492 8 Known as one of the most influential emperors of Ethiopia, Yohannes IV spent most of his reign in conflict with invaders from Egypt, Italy, and Sudan. Hakabe Nasohi Tsiyon 6 5631 131 XIV. Italy added Ethiopia to its already existing colonies of Eritrea and Italian Somalia, creating the new dependent state of Italian East Africa and was the first to associate Ethiopia as part of the Horn of Africa. XV. II. A strong, progressive and kind hearted ruler, Sahle ruled for over three-decades (1813 to 1847) and made several reforms including in criminal law and administration, and worked on modernizing his country. III. For the Australian organisation, see, Return of Haile Selassie, post-war period, and end of the monarchy, designated but uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia. IX. Sahle Selassie, (born 1795 or 1801died 1847), ruler (1813-47) of the kingdom of Shewa (Shoa), Ethiopia. Ethiopia has played a major role in human history, and the emperors of this region helped make that possible. Resistance to the occupation continued, however. Rastafarians regard Haile Selassie I as God because the ascension of Haile Selassie into power quickly followed Marcus Garveys prophecy that says: Look to Africa where a black king shall be crowned, he shall be the Redeemer.. One tradition credits this practice to the Zagwe king Yemrehana Krestos (fl. Traditionally, Ethiopians claim that the first emperor of Ethiopia was a semi-mythical figure named Menelik I. Menelik I was said to be the offspring of King Solomon of Jerusalem and the Queen of Sheba, ruler of a kingdom in either Yemen or Ethiopia. Kingsof Aksumand Dmtare listed separately due to numerous gaps and large flexibility in chronology. Zagun Tsion Hegez 5 5697 197 Ethiopia has a very long and fascinating political history. The Zagwe kings claimed the last Axumite king, Dil Na'od, had married his daughter to Mara Takla Haymanot, founder of their dynasty. XXI. XXIV. This kingdom first appears in historical accounts under the leadership of a ruler named Zoskales, who is believed to have helped turn this city into a mighty kingdom. 5 days Azegan Malbagad 7 5707 207 The other thing that must be known is the difference and similarities b/n Ethiopia and Abyssinia. Menelik II 1889-1913 XLI. The emperor settled at his political palace located at Shewa from 1508-1540. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. To this day, these 11 rock-hewn churches of Lalibela stand upright to show the architectural genius of the King and Saint Lalibela. [1] Originally his name was Kassa. since about 1730 up to the advent of Theodore in 1855) the kings had exercised no real power, and had been murdered, deposed, restored and driven out again, or treated as nonentities by anyone of the great Rases of semi-independent kings who were strong enough to maintain themselves against their rivals, such as, for example, Ras Kikael Suhul of Tigre (1730-80), Ras Guksa of Amhara, a Galla (1790-1819), and the son (Ras Marye) and grandson (Ras Ali) of the latter. VII. African Origin of the Olympics: The Black Greeks, Moorish Kings of England: King James VI and I of Scotland and England 1566 1625 and his daughter, The Jews, the Hebrews and the Israelites: Not Your Same Old Same Old By Bishop, Black Arab Kuwaitis and White Arabized Kuwaitis, Charlemagne, the Moor and the Negrito Royalty of the Holy Roman Empire Marc Washingtons Perspectives, African Roots of Famous Euro-American Families, JENdA: A Journal of African Women Studies & Culture. It was under the Solomonic emperors that the formal Ethiopian Empire would be founded. AGDAZYAN DYNASTY OF THE POSTERITY OF THE KINGDOM OF JOCTAN, I. Akbunas Saba II 55 3570 1930 IX. Tsawi 15 3959 1541 Mumazes (Queen) 4 3829 1671 Erda Amen Awseya 6 4825 675 Amen Emhat I 40 3944 1556 Although only 21 years of age, he was able to displace Bezebeh, who had been appointed ruler by the emperor in 1859, and subsequently declared himself negus of the province. Amoy 21 4040 1460 Upon the emperors death in 1913, Iyasu took power in his own right. Gariak I 66 1096 4404 Amde Tseyon 7 6926 1426 Horkam 29 3125 2375 XIII. The empress was the daughter of a Muslim king Hadiya sultanate throughout the late 15th and the early 16th. From then until to-day they are: Theodore 1855-68 It was one of the most influential empires in history, with a bigger impact than you ever realized. Adglag 20 3265 2235 15 Great Ethiopian Kings & Leaders - Typical Ethiopian These thirty-five sovereigns at the time of Akapta Tsenfa Arad (ed. Menileks later activities as emperor included the creation of ministries, the initiation of modern education, and the construction of telephone and telegraph systems and of a railway from Djibouti, on the Gulf of Aden, to Addis Ababa, the emperors new capital in the highlands of Shewa. XI. XIV. The claim to their relationship to the Kings of Axum derives from Yakuno Amlak's claim that he was the descendant of Dil Na'od, through his father, although he defeated and killed the last Zagwe king in battle. XXII. VIII. Sahle Selassie, a notedAmharanoble ofEthiopia,was proclaimed Rasand Meridazmach of Shewa in a turn-of-events following murder of his father Wossen Seged, aMeridazmach ofShewa. XXVI. XXIII. Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History Taddesse Tamrat argues that this practice began in the reign of Wedem Arad (12991314), following the struggle for succession that he believes lies behind the series of brief reigns of the sons of Yagbe'u Seyon (reigned 12851294). IX. XXVIII. Hende Awkerara 20 5313 187 Telephones, cinema, railways, newspapers, schools, and more were introduced. The claim of descent from Menelik I is based on the assertion that the kings of Axum were also the descendants of Menelik I; its definitive and best-known formulation is set forth in the Kebra Nagast. Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Menelik II, Sahl Mariam, Sahle Maryam, Sahle Miriam, Former Director of General Studies, University of Benin, Nigeria. XIV. IV. Rumors of these royal mountain residences were part of the inspiration for Samuel Johnson's short story, Rasselas. XXXIV. Mandes 17 3986 1514 Wudme Asfare 30 6325 825 Senuka II 10 4092 1408 Nacuto Laab 40 6713 1213 Elaryan 80 1664 3836 Yasbeo Tseyon 9 6777 1277 V. Aksumay Ramissu 20 4621 879 II. He helped devise its first charter and became its first chairperson,. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The potential royal rivals were incarcerated at Amba Geshen until the site was destroyed in 1540 during the Ethiopian-Adal war; then, from the reign of Fasilides (16321667) until the mid-18th century, at Wehni. Yeshak 15 6914 1414 Asfehi Asfeha 14 5747 247 Gelawdewos - Wikipedia XXI. Tsaham II 2 5938 438 The emperor would also be a significant figure in the successes of pan-Africanism, leading to the OAU (Organization of African Unity), now reformed as AU (African Union). Baeda Maryam III 1826 [11] In more recent times, it was used as an honorific title bestowed on governors of the most important provinces (kingdoms): Gojjam, Begemder, Wello, Tigray and the seaward kingdom, (where the variation Bahri Negasi (Sea King), was the title of the ruler of present-day central Eritrea). XX. Piori II 15 3904 1596 Commander of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia I the son from the tribe of Levi hail H.I.M for knowledge and wisdom to be chosen by the most high JAH RASTAFARI as a member of his crew to preserve creation and to shine some light or first light for Dirty Babylon to follow .I am linking from West Africa in Sierra Leone and Guinee respectively. Djagons 20 4082 1418 XII. V. Yermrhana Kristos 40 6593 1093 XV. VII. Amda Tseyon 30 6827 1327 From this period dates the re-establishment of the empire, and the rapid extension of the powers of its sovereigns. [3] [4] See also [ edit] Emperor of Eritrea or Medri Bahri Ras Woldemichael Solomon References [ edit] Haile Selassie also was the central figure of the Ras Tafari (Rasta) movement. Jan Asagad 1 6781 1281 XI. Such measures gave heart to the regional aristocrats, who returned to rebellion. Kaleb ( Ge'ez: ), also known as Saint Elesbaan, was King of Aksum, which was situated in modern-day Eritrea and Ethiopia . Bawawl 10 5440 60 That meant that products going between the Middle East/Mediterranean and India/China passed through Axum. First Known Use: 1594, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negus&oldid=1152641574, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 13:03. Konsi Hendawi 5 4045 1455 By the time Ezana got older, Frumentious was already spreading influence about Christianity; Ezana was one of his influences. In more recent times, it was used as an honorific title bestowed on governors of the most important provinces (kingdoms): Gojjam, Begemder, Wollo, Tigray, the seaward kingdom ( Bahre Negash "King of the Sea"), and later Shewa. The Armistice of Cassibile was signed in September 1943 with the Kingdom of Italy's surrender, and Victor Emmanuel III officially renounced his title as emperor of Ethiopia in November 1943. Your email address will not be published. Kedus Arbe (samt) 40 6633 1133 Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, has since been the seat of the headquarters of the OAU and AU, being referred to as the Capital of Africa. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The position of the emperor and the line of succession were strictly defined in both of the constitutions adopted during the reign of Haile Selassie: the one adopted on July 16, 1931; and the revised one of November 1955. III. XVI. VII. Susenyos was an adopted child raised by a borena clan. With Menelik II started the modernization of Ethiopia. From roughly the 10th through 13th centuries, most of Ethiopia was under the rule of the Zagwe dynasty. XXXII. Tawasaya Dews 13 4487 1013 The system developed two approaches to controlling the succession: the first, employed on occasion before the 20th century, involved interning all of the emperor's possible rivals in a secure location, which drastically limited their ability to disrupt the empire with revolts or to dispute the succession of an heir apparent; the second, used with increasing frequency, involved the selection of emperors by a council of the senior officials of the realm, both secular and religious. VI. : From A.D. 30 to A.D. 38) had been christianised by the Apostle Saint Matthew. She was the eldest daughter of Menelik and his father Ras Mikael, the closest friend of emperor Menelik. X. Sahlan 60 1584 3916 XIX. III. Safeliya Abramen 20 5391 109 Pinotsem III 7 4464 1036 His claim to the throne was also helped by his marriage to that king's daughter, even though Ethiopians commonly do not acknowledge claims from the distaff side. XII. V. Etiyopus I 56 3700 1800 Menileks father was Haile Malakot, later negus (king) of Shewa. The Muslim army broke, leaving the field and north-central Ethiopia to the Christians. XV. In 1270 CE, the Zagwe rulers were overthrown and Ethiopia was reconsolidated under the leadership of a new ruler, Yekuno Amlak. Soliman Tehagi 73 2256 3244, Total: 21 Sovereigns of the Tribe of Ori. Nicotnis Kandake V 10 5475 25 the fall of the Tower of Babel 531 2787 2713, II. It was a blow for all Rastafarians, who revere him as a god - and for those Rastafarians who had emigrated to. LVII. I. Sartsa Dengel 34 7089 1589 XXXII. XLIII. Adhana II (Queen) 6 5918 418 18 chapters | Djan II 60 1446 4054 Salayba 9 5978 478 While Abyssinia describes only the Semitic speaking people of the country i.e amharic , tegirigna, tigre , guragigna and other minority Semitic languages, Ethiopia describes the other ethnics who speak the Afro asiatic sub group languages like Cushitic , omotic and nilo Saharan languages together with the abbysinians. V. Hatosza Bahr Asaged 28 5578 78 VII. Tutimheb 20 3750 1750 Amsi 5 5969 469 And Lalibela was probably one of the most influential Ethiopian kings, having built rock-hewn churches and a city named after him. XXIV. Takla Haymanot 8 7272 1772 VII. Hermantu I 5 months From this auspicious start, Ethiopia continued to grow as a major world power. Malis Alameda 4 5625 125 III. IV. VIII. Sofard 30 3185 2315 Talatam 21 6267 767 Junus 1797 XIII. Its a general fact that the history of ones nation is a part of identity for both the former and the upcoming generation. Iyasu was born on February 4, 1897, in Wello from his mother, Weyzero Shoaregga. Procopius calls him "Hellestheaeus", a variant of Koin Greek: version of his regnal name, Ge'ez: , romanized: ll Aba ( Histories, 1.20). LVI. Spanish Proverb:- Africa empieza en los Pirineos. Edem Asagad. XIX. XV. Kaleb was the king of Axum, who had various names based on the victory and his entitlements, Hellesthaeus, Ellastheaeus, Elesbaan, Ellesboas, and Elesboem. X. Zergaz 10 6156 656 Susenyos was an Ethiopian king born around 1572 in Gojjam, Ethiopia. Wakana (Queen) 2 days Itd be Menelik II who would finish the unification plans of Tewodros. All rights reserved. A Complex World: History, Religion, Caste and Race in India The Greatest Ethiopian Emperors & Kings - The Famous People Nathaniel T. Kenney, "Ethiopian Adventure", Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering, Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles Imperial and royal titles, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_Ethiopia&oldid=1150578514, (Note: This family tree only includes the historical figures' paternal ancestries), This page was last edited on 18 April 2023, at 22:54. Thus, it's no surprise that the founding of this empire is shrouded in myth and controversy. In January 1942, Selassie was officially reinstated to power in Ethiopia.