May 2013. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using, Jonas bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase. initial, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us froma. The purpose of this experiment was to. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, b. Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify, c. Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another, d. Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem, The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. swingingc. warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. well-defining, insighting, and m. People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus ona. d. the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving. Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal, c. Has one and only correct or possible answer. a. goalc. b. performance is better for the abstract task. the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience.d. /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide << a. do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome. 19 - Foner, Eric. You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him. does have a clear identifiable solution. solve insight problems.b. c. had been preselected as "creative" individuals. Experts categorize problems based ona. /F2 4 0 R (This is called a Subduction Zone). c. It is the cornerstone of creativity. structural features.c. /F7 9 0 R endobj well-defined; Gestaltd. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. /Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla /Subtype /Type1 /Encoding 16 0 R They got to make up sentences tha Analogies are sometimes explored and developed at some length, for purposes of problem-solving. structural; enhance. /Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. How can knowledge of human relations help in the work place. subgoals.c. Which Problem Provides an Example of How Functional Fixedness Can - Quiz+ Therefore, the two problems have very differenta. c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. had been pre-selected as "creative" indi, In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ______ condition.a. sourceb. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments ever 15 seconds to indicate how close the felt they were to a solution. Chapter 12 Questions | Means End Analysis | AssignGuru candle can be cut in half.d. >> Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? surface; diminishb. b. Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement. /Encoding 16 0 R Arrange acrobats in order of ascending size from left to rightb. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before th, Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection, Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:a. restructuring, searching, and simulating.b. b. prior learning hindering problem solving. present multiple sample de, Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. d. incorrectly apply the permission schema. Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for her family. /BaseFont /Courier-BoldOblique Intermediate states can be created bya. Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time. /Type /Font Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? endobj Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. /Subtype /Type1 structural; diminishd. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. a. outcomes that achieve a person's goals. The sudden realization of a problem's solution. how will she retrieve it? How will Janet retrieve the book? insightc. /Type /Font Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution prior to - Course Hero b. are influenced by the atmosphere effect. c. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. ill-defined; information processingc. endobj Continuing to take the street to the north represents ___________. targetc. /Subtype /Type1 /Subtype /Type1 Experts _____ than novices.a. analogiesb. However, a limitation of this and other classical paradigms for studying insightful and non-insightful problem solving is related to the fact that they use two different His task sets. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. d. discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems. If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. prior learning hindering problem solving.c. 2. rise suddenly just; gradually r. Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)a. novel object.b. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. endobj a. prior learning facilitating problem solving. Please select the correct language below. creating operators.d. EXPERIMENT 1 Method Subjects. The best description of the purpose of thing-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. mental sets. illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if: which problem provides example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of problem? She decides to use the breaks in between her classes to read and take notes from 15 pages at a time to make the task seem more manageable. the purpose of the exp. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti- nuclear demonstrations. [Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave Participants Problems That After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class, so all the children have removed their shoes, which are all jumbled in a large pile. Identifying techniques of problem solving. Chapter 12 - Test Bank - Chapter 12 1. Janet is alone in a - Studocu 26. Greg was recounting a fishing tale of the one that got away: "I had a huge ahi tuna on my line. /Font << Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. This is an example of using reasoning. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /BaseFont /Times-Bold initial statesc. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. endobj experts and novices.b. /Differences [ 128/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright/emdash/bullet/.notdef a. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor, b. /Type /Font endobj /Encoding 16 0 R high-pressurec. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. search. 37. surface and deep structures.d. PDF Memory & Cognition 1987, 15(3), 238-246 Intuition in insight and Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. ill-defined; Gestaltb. operators.d. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as: the elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT: bring the problem solver closer & closer to the goal state. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determinea. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? general principles that problems share.c. << /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis prototype, Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?a. /Pages 2 0 R Goal is to tie two strings together which are too far apart to be reached. The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. c. structural features. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.a. The purpose of this experiment was to: a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. surface features.b. Cecile has dreamed of owning her own home for years, and she can finally afford a small cottage in an older neighborhood. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique The purpose of this experiment was to 27. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Using a wine b, Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice, The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that thea. His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. The sudden realization of a problem's solution Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. 17 0 obj <> endobj The medium acrobat is on the left of the large a. /dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron lightbulbb. Chapter 12 Flashcards | Quizlet Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. endobj bread and butter, Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. <> /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. /oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. intermediate states. Cassandra is using what approach to solve her problem? Cog Psych Quiz 4 MC Flashcards | Quizlet b. had received training in creative thinking. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. a. match box can be used as a container for tacks. >> That light bulb going off can possibly be due to insight. radiationd. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Someone who has devoted much time to learning about a particular field, ___ categorize problems by surface features, Divergent thinking can be associated with ill-defined problems which ________ can be associated with well-defined problems, ___________ occurs when a sample design inhibits creative thinking, Ideas that precede the creation of a finished creative produce are called__________. /Name /F12 The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ______ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. functional fixednessb. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. >> creating subgoals, In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checker-board problem. /Subtype /Type1 << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic Experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. b. as a school of thought in Germany, about the same time, Studied chimpanzee behavior on the island of Tenerife of the Canary Islands off Africas. well- and ill-defined problems. endobj Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ______ problem. In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed. initial state.b. /F12 14 0 R /BaseFont /Courier-Bold She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. /Subtype /Type1 endobj insight is when a problem cannot be solved using conventional methods (Metcalfe & Wiebe, 1987) and the problem solver realizes . d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? /Subtype /Type1 metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems.c. search. a. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. 1 0 obj In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold /MediaBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] had received training in creative thinking.c. If they do not, they will all die rapidly of carbon dioxide poisoning. /BaseFont /Times-Roman Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because. Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. search. When the "abstract" version of the Wason four-card problem is compared to a "concrete" version of the problem (in which beer, soda, and ages are substituted for the letters and numbers). If we judge the probability of Gabrielle's being a model quite high because she resembles our stereotype of a model, we are using. ] blankb. Wally and Sharon are out on a date. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field, Take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. A syllogism is valid if the conclusion follows logically from the two premises. According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is, One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they. See Page 1. Wally's response illustrates the use of a(n)________. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. means-end analysisb. the Tower or Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach. how analogies can be used to solve problems.b. a. what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? /Encoding 16 0 R a. descriptive information that is inconsistent with base rate information. The purpose of this experiment was to. Amber takes the street to the north during that time. /Name /F11 problems that have a clear identifiable solution. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. For each corporate sponsor, Phoenix gets their best advertising team members, and they sit in a room for several hours throwing out every idea they can come up with, no matter how good or bad it is. was to: demonstrate a diff. low-pressureb. 6 0 obj The purpose of this experiment was to Tw string problem Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. c. confuse the ideas of validity and truth. a single correct answerd. Participants are given a chair and pliers. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. not present a sample design.b. Gestalt psychologist consider problem solving as a process involving, a sudden realization of a problems solution. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known asa. 31. 16 0 obj Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. analogyd. xZMsFWLU F'VNkF0@u pQ$~q~G"YD[1?WN|0Rh4S"1ft;/y:hp8IxzrHt*TMH%|N8QeZ2)7hgBEeg]._8k/Eb:ow_;!LLsWkYJGt1k(Xr o+@h~;Lc1I-#]?}Q:. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving reorganization or restructuring. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as. c. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. Curious is studying the effect of _____, In analogical problem solving, the _____ problem has higher difficulty than the _____ problem.a. Cognitive Psych Ch. 12 (Problem Solving) Book Questions - Quizlet d. The argument is strong because there are a large number of observations and there is evidence about how the earth turns on its axis. Which of the following is a barrier or obstacle to solving problems. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. [Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and continuity and form. Amber takes the street to the north during that time. well-definedd. Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. mental sets. Novel objects before a function was described. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientist who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. /Name /F5 Tower of Hanoi problemb. Imagine that your friend James has just taken up the habit of smoking cigars because he thinks it makes him look cool. PFC activation was. /Subtype /Type1 >> c. buy first class or coach tickets for a spring break trip. a. spend less time analyzing problems, b. are better at reasoning in general, c. are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems, d. take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. Metcalfe and Wiebe - insight in problem solving -task: -insight problem: triangle problem -non insight problem: algebra - warmth judgements - result: insight problems solved suddenly and non insight problems were solved gradually (more linear) Obstacles to problem solving - functional fixedness - candle problem - two string problem /Type /Font insight.d. Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of the ________may be to deal with the cognitive demands of a given task, while the _____is responsible for handling emotional goals such as resenting an unfair outcome. spend less time analyzing problemsb. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. Participants in the ____ group had the fastest response time.a. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. It is difficult to apply means-end analysis to an insight problem because it is difficult to define ____ for an insight problem.a. Dual systems theory suggests that we have two systems that operate in cognition: one involving a fast, intuitive, non-conscious process, and the other, a slower, reflective, conscious processing system. >> Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. b. Experts often group problems differently than. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. a. performance is better for the concrete task. Amber take. d. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems << a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. observing people to see how they solve problems in the real world is called ________. With th, The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example ofa. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?