without experimental data. Reactive distillation, or catalytic distillation, combines reaction and distillation into a single column. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960305)49:5%3c504::AID-BIT3%3e3.0.CO;2-N, Mulia-Soto JF, Flores-Tlacuahuac A (2011) Modeling, simulation and control of an internally heat integrated pressure-swing distillation process for bioethanol separation. The advantages of dumped packing include high liquid flow rate capacity, high-pressure capacity, and low cost. If benzene is added as the entrainer to this mixture, it can affect the volatility of other components in the mixture. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51688-2_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51688-2_5, eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0). Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 7, extractive distillation Azeotropic and extractive distillations are both methods of separating mixtures. Extractive Distillation : Technology & Advantages. The difficulty of transport and metering of solid or saturated salt solution. Usually, the certain component added into the mixture is water or benzene, because these can help in increasing the volatility of a substance. The Advantages of Fractional Distillation | Sciencing Solvent is added to alter the relative volatilities of components in the Water comes out as the liquid product and the volatile organic waste goes into the vapor phase. It has been verified by many examples that adding a little of extra solvent (additive) to one basic solvent will increase the separation ability greatly. Liquid forms of cryogenic gases are easier and cheaper to transport. (b) One of the reactants (here as acetic acid) is a low boiling-point component. Columns can be operated at lower temperatures. Ind Eng Chem Res 56:21502167. Lett. Extractive distillation is usually uneconomical for separating In order to verify the effect of tributylamine as the separating agent, the vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) was measured by experiment. Summers, D. (2018, February). Turndown, a term for the decrease of efficiency due to low tray vapor velocity, is important to consider when using heat integrated distillation columns. Yet bioethanol must be anhydrous to be mixed with regular gasoline and is then utilized as a vehicle fuel. Since the salt is The difference between azeotropic and extractive distillation is that the formation of an azeotrope is required to separate the components of a mixture whereas, in extractive distillation, no azeotrope formation takes place. Non-reactive with feed component. Distillation works by the application and removal of heat to exploit differences in relative volatility. The Design and Optimization of Extractive Distillation for Separating https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.12.035, Wang J, Li M, Zhou S, Xue A, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhong J, Zhang Q (2017) Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets embedded in poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite membranes for ethanol dehydration via pervaporation. 213.5C) as the separating agent, then the following reversible chemical reaction may take place: where HAc, R3N and R3NH OOCCH3 represent acetic acid, tributylamine and the salt formed by reaction, respectively. Azeotropic distillation is the process of separating all the components of an azeotropic mixture by the process of distillation. There are many examples for extractive distillation with a single liquid solvent as the separating agent, as shown in Table 1. Chem Eng J 171:10351044. Gallun, M.J. Lockett, Modeling azeotropic and extractive distillations. Azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation are two important types of distillation. Water on the substance to be distilled causes it to vaporize in delayed time [10]. Azeotropic Distillation. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Apr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.112, Cui Y, Shi X, Guang C, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang C (2019) Comparison of pressure-swing distillation and heterogeneous azeotropic distillation for recovering benzene and isopropanol from wastewater. Chem. Therefore, the chemical equilibrium constant. An azeotropic mixture consists of two or more liquids which cannot be separated through simple distillation since the vapours that are formed via boiling the azeotropic mixtures consist of the same proportions of the . Renew Sust Energy Rev 65:756769. Sep Sci Technol 48:15181528. In addition, the ionization constant PK^ of acetic acid and tributylamine at 25 C can be found from the reference [55], i.e. In normal applications of extractive distillation (i.e., pinched, close-boiling, or The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Processes and separation technologies for the production of - Springer : liquid solvents is often small, the role of solid salts in improving the separation ability is An azeotrope is a mixture of components having a constant boiling point. Robert Treybal, Mass-transfer operations, p.p. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:92479260, Singh A, da Cunha S, Rangaiah G (2019) Heat-pump assisted distillation versus double-effect distillation for bioethanol recovery followed by pressure swing adsorption for bioethanol dehydration. 7th ed. Both of them also use a certain separating solvent to help in the process. Although they are more expensive than dumped packings, stacked packings result in a lower pressure drop. For many years, extractive https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2018.03.004, Zhu Z, Xu D, Jia H, Zhao Y, Wang Y (2017) Heat integration and control of a triple-column pressure-swing distillation process. similar rate, making normal distillation impractical. Unfortunately, many solid salts are corrosive to the equipment and easies to decompose -2.17 kJ mol"1. If reaction is exothermic, heat expelled can be used for reboiler. The geometry of the trays within the column affects the extent and type of contact between the vapor and liquid streams. complex and more widely useful process than azeotropic distillation. Concentration differences cause the less volatile components to transfer from the vapor stream to the liquid stream. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 117:109479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109479, Ramaswamy S, Huang H-J, Ramarao BV (2013) Separation and purification technologies in biorefineries. Visual Encyclopedia of Chemical Engineering Equipment, 2023 Extractive distillation is not as widely used in industry as conventional distillation because column simulation and design are difficult. The Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy industries (IHI) company in Japan has developed a process for isopropanol production from aqueous solution using the solid salt, calcium chloride, as the azeotrope-breaking agent. That is to say, for the extractive distillation process the forward reaction occurs in the extractive distillation column and the reverse reaction occurs in the solvent recovery column. where The feed stream and a recycle stream from the second column are fed into the first column. Extractive Distillation : Technology & Advantages - SlideShare Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 4th ed. AICHE J. For the higher-boiling pure component to be recovered in the distillate, the addition Thus, for separation new approach is implied rather than distillation (not useful for separation in this case). Individual packings are typically 3 to 75 mm in size and have several void spaces that provide a large surface area for liquid-vapor contact. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01208-9, Concentration swing adsorption azeotropic distillation, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.09.019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.04.067, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.099, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.04.003, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-005-6009-1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.01.003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2005.06.027, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.11.006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-008-0185-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.11.017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.06.011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.063, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01124-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2003.09.006, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322014000100024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.06.008, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(02)00151-x, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0680-9, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199606)66:2%3c145::AID-JCTB484%3e3.0.CO;2-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01024-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0777-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1004-9541(07)60072-X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.12.011, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2013.766211, https://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193516030058, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65712-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.01.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.064, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-009-0226-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.09.027, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.09.009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02841-w, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2011.02.026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.016, https://doi.org/10.1260/026361708786036098, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.042, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2012.03.002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.088, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813766-6.00003-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.033, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960305)49:5%3c504::AID-BIT3%3e3.0.CO;2-N, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2011.03.011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.05.023, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01046-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-009-0184-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109479, https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399208019455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.003, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118493441.ch19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.043, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0622-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-00999-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.01.017, https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2016.7984055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.12.035, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.058, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.032, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.07.040, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2018.03.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.015, Kumar V, Nanda M, Joshi H, Singh A, Sharma S, Verma M (2018) Production of biodiesel and bioethanol using algal biomass harvested from fresh water river. In addition to a feed stream with two components, which is shown below in green, a solvent stream also enters the extractive unit, which is exemplified below in red. it is obvious that the system consisting of water, acetic acid and tributylamine meets these requirements. Chem Eng Trans 80:4348. While the sieves can be regenerate afterwards with the help of dehydration using vacuum oven. Distillation Columns - Visual Encyclopedia of Chemical Engineering This animation shows a typical reactive distillation column. Chin J Chem Eng 15:286290. Springer, Cham. Unreacted feed can be recycled back to the reactive zone within the distillation column. The unabsorbed Sep Purif Technol 31:3135. When an azeotropic mixture is boiled, the proportion of components in the liquid and its vapor phase is equal. AIChE J 36:969984. Heat exchangers keep the gases at low enough temperatures to be separated. Research Progress on Azeotropic Distillation Technology Fractional distillation is more efficient than simple distillation in separation due to a high number of theoretical plates. The good thing about this method is that by using the separation solvent, you can already easily separate the mixture without forming an azeotrope, which is common in other separation methods. Azeotropic and extractive distillations have some similarities but they also have distinct differences and these are observed on the processes. M. Nitsche . Depending on the reaction, the desired product may end up in the vapor stream or in the bottoms. Processes and separation technologies for the production of fuel-grade bioethanol: a review. Sep Sci Technol 27:18751887. This solvent helps to change the relative volatilities of the components in the mixture. In a 7300 tonnes per year plant, IHI reported a capital cost of only 56%, and an energy requirement of only 45% of those for the benzene process [44, 45]. component. All rights reserved. Stable at operating condition of both of column. Prog Energy Combust Sci 38:449467. The first column operates at a specific pressure that separates the first component, shown in blue, as a distillate from an azeotropic mixture bottoms stream, shown in green. The columns pictured below to the left are used to distill 190 proof ethanol to 199 proof, so it can be used as a fuel grade additive, enhancing octane levels in gasoline. The packing increases the time of contact, which increases the separation efficiency. In recent years, an interesting 97 special distillation method, i.e. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.11.017, Delgado J, gueda V, Uguina M, Sotelo J, Garca-Sanz A, Garca A (2015) Separation of ethanolwater liquid mixtures by adsorption on BPL activated carbon with air regeneration. Special cryogenic equipment, such as valves and pumps, is required. Definition of extractive distillation with liquid solvent. 1. The feed mixture contains components of different volatilities, and enters the column approximately at the middle. When the boiling point of mixture is very close to each other then Azeotropic distillation is used. Otherwise, the separation process will be complicated and some extra equipment may be added, which results in no economy of this technique. The number of trays for azeotropic distillation is fewer than that for ordinary distillation. This distillate is also condensed and sent to the decanter. It is known as the separation solvent. Azeotropic Distillation is one of the main type of distillation to do distillation of same boiling mixture. 2018. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 91:251265. Required fields are marked *. Fig. Extractive Distillation vs Azeotropic Distillation - YouTube Winds of change. Many species can be distilled at much more economical temperatures with the use of these vacuum distillation columns. Azeotropic distillation separates the component from the vapor phase whereas extractive distillation separates the component from a matrix of substances. too hazardous for various reasons ranging from workplace to product to During vacuum distillation, the pressure inside the distillation column is maintained at a vacuum to lower the temperature needed to vaporize the liquid. Azeotropic distillation separates a component into the vapor phase which has the same chemical composition as in the liquid phase. But the amount of azeotropic agent is large . Azeotropic distillation is a separation technique used to separate the components of a mixture by forming an azeotrope. Fuel 97:585594. Therefore, the extractive distillation process in which the liquid solvent is used as the separating agent is called extractive distillation with liquid solvent. K at 25 C can be deduced, and thus the relationship of chemical equilibrium constant with temperature is given by: where T is the absolute temperature (K), and C is the mole concentration (kmol m"3). Chem. not di-amine R2NH or mono-amine RNH2, can be selected as the separating agent bccause the reaction between solvent with two or single amine groups and acctic acid is irreversible, and some amides will be produced. Br. If we select the solvent tributylamine (b.p. (PDF) DISTILLATION: TYPES AND APPLICATIONS (Kinetics and - ResearchGate It is an important process in chemistry, industry and food science. Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 11, Relative volatility is enhanced when the of the lower-boiling pure component is same, causing them to vaporize at nearly the same temperature at a https://doi.org/10.1039/qj8601200128, Rossetti I, Tripodi A, Bahadori E, Ramis G (2018) Exploiting diluted bioethanol solutions for the production of ethylene: preliminary process design and heat integration. In extractive distillation technique, a non-volatile component is added to the mixture that can affect the volatility of components in the mixture. Google Scholar, Bolto B, Hoang M, Xie Z (2011) A review of membrane selection for the dehydration of aqueous ethanol by pervaporation. Required fields are marked *. Comparison between azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation Difference Between Polyurethane and Polycrylic, Difference Between Perspex and Polycarbonate, Difference Between Polyester Resin and Epoxy Resin, Difference Between Subcritical and Supercritical Boiler, Difference Between Hot Working and Cold Working. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51688-2_5. Fluid Phase Equilib 235:99103. adsorption distillation, has been proposed 98 and in this work is compared with extractive distillation (See chapter 8). Orlando, Fl: Academic Press, 1987. Brez J Chem Eng. Some specialized columns perform other functions, such as reactive distillation columns, which combine reaction and separation of products into a single unit. Chem Eng Res Design 146:391403. Difficult to process? Azeotropic Distillation: Learn Definition, Types & Application - Testbook Benzene is throughout the length of the column. Correspondence to Extractive distillation takes place in the presence of miscible component having high boiling point and are non-volatile. The solvent is then separated, purified, and recycled in the second column. It is known as a binary azeotrope because there are two miscible components in the mixture. Example in Everyday life Chem. The nitrogen can be bled off into the atmosphere or stored in cryogenic storage tanks. The packed columns shown below are used in an ethanolamine plant. Distillation: still towering over other options. Chemical Engineering Progress October 1995: 43-52. SK collated and compiled the literature review. This means that this reaction is reversible, and the chemical interaction between acetic acid and tributylamine is weak. Perspect Sci 8:46. Major industries, especially pharmaceuticals, are making use of these techniques to further improve their research. But in the production of acetic acid, it often exists with much water. The vapor stream flows upward through the trays, and contacts the down-flowing liquid stream, allowing the separation to take place. The plate, or tray column is the most widely used type of distillation column. It is found that chemical equilibrium constant is small, about 0.02 under the operation condition of the extractive distillation column. By analyzing the reaction system, it is found that the new group -NH is formed and the old group -OH is disappeared during the reaction. Industrial examples The picture below to the right shows a pilot plant-packed bed column. In heterogeneous azeotropic mixtures with miscibility gap, the different concentrations in both liquid phases are utilized for the separation. Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. Wilson, Ian D., E.R. The number of trays or stages in the column is dependent on the desired purity and difficulty of separation. Distillation is one of the most common liquid-liquid separation processes in industry, and can be carried out in a continuous or batch system. What is Azeotropic Distillation Two peaks denoting acetic acid and tributylamine respectively can be found for the mixture of acetic acid 10 %wt and tributylamine 90 %wt. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.11.006, Cantero CAT, Lopez GL, Alvarado VM, Jimenez RFE, Morales JYR, Coronado EMS (2017) Control structures evaluation for a salt extractive distillation pilot plant: application to bio-ethanol dehydration. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2003.09.006, Gil I, Uyazn A, Aguilar J, Rodrguez G, Caicedo L (2008) Simulation of ethanol extractive distillation with a glycols mixture as entrainer, 2nd Mercosur Congress on Chemical Engineering & 4th Mercosur Congress on Process Systems Engineering. See Fig. Plate columns are often used to recover solvents from process wastes. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Extractive distillation (ED) is one of the most promising approaches for the separation of the azeotropic or close-boiling mixtures in the chemical industry. In the second column, the pressure is set to break the entrainer-feed azeotrope, which results in the second component, shown in blue, and a third azeotrope containing the entrainer, as the pink recycle stream demonstrates. Azeotropic Distillation - Definition and Detailed Explanation - Vedantu separation ability). Simulation and design of columns is difficult. Shown on the right is a 40 tray column used for mineral oils. This paper first provides an overview of thermodynamic insight covering residue curve map analysis, the application of univolatility and unidistribution curves, and thermodynamic feasibility study. Chemical Engineering Essentials for the CPI Professional, 38-41. limiting the consideration of salt extractive distillation is the fact that the performance https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01046-1, Pienaar C, Schwarz CE, Knoetze JH, Burger AJ (2013) Vaporliquidliquid equilibria measurements for the dehydration of ethanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol via azeotropic distillation using DIPE and isooctane as entrainers. Enzyme Microb Technol 127:4349. Azeotropic mode of distillation: advantages. PDF Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte Azeotropic and extractive distillations are techniques used in the field of chemistry and engineering. J. H. Perry, Perrys chemical engineers handbook, 8 th ed., p.p. Bubble cap trays are the most advanced and expensive of the three trays and are highly effective in some low liquid flow rate situations. Many refineries produce methyl-tert butyl ether (MTBE). In effect, using azeotropic solvents allows us to trap and concentrate the contamination by distillation instead of using filters and membranes and such. (Copyright Cannon Instrument Company,State College, PA). The systems pipes often need specially designed cryogenic valves and cryogenic fittings. It may be observed that the solvent, tributylamin, enhances the relative volatility of water to acetic acid in such a way that the composition of the more volatile component (water) is higher in the liquid than in the vapor phase. Distillation is a purification method for liquids, and can separate components of a mixture if they have significantly different boiling points. isopropanol, where the addition of methyl benzoate raises the Creates two azeotropes to separate an azeotrope. The advantages and disadvantages of extractive distillation with solid salt. As a result, water would be obtained as the overhead product in the extractive distillation column, being acetic acid and the solvent, tributylamin, the bottom product. To Amsterdam, Neth. 1.1. Researchgate.com extractive distillation with the combination of liquid solvent and solid salt may be feasible. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.003, Simo M (2013) Dehydration of ethanol using pressure swing adsorption. Therefore, the separation of toluene out of this mixture is very difficult. Distillation 17 Doherty, Design and minimum reflux for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation columns. In a distillation, a liquid is boiled in the "distilling flask," then the vapors travel to another section of the apparatus where they come into contact with a cool surface. In this method, a separation solvent will be used to interact with the mixture, thus helping the separation of the components. volatile in the extractive column, in order to remain largely in the liquid phase. However, in the extractive distillation process the separating agents aren't vaporized and thus the energy consumption is relatively decreased. It can be easily removed by distillation so that the separating agent (here as tributylamine) can be regenerated and recycled. The ions of a solid salt are typically capable of causing much large effects than the molecules of a liquid agent, both in the strength of attractive forces they can exert on feed component molecules, and in the degree of selectivity exerted. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2012.03.002, Liu H, Pang B, Zhao Y, Lu J, Han Y, Wang H (2018) Comparative study of two different alkali-mechanical pretreatments of corn stover for bioethanol production. The azeotropic bottoms stream is fed into a second column that operates at a different pressure. J Chem Soc 15:270276. Adlard, Michael Cooke, and C.F.Poole. 19 shows the equilibrium data for the ternary system of water (1) + acetic acid (2) + tributylamine (3), plotted on a tributylamin free basis. bottoms, while iso-octane is recovered as compositions in the column. Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 14, LIQUID AND SOLID SALT Your email address will not be published. This type of distillation can be used as an alternative to extractive distillation, pressure swing distillation, or homogeneous azeotropic distillation. Process Biochem. Chem Eng Technol 43:12401248. 5.5 with compositions from the Mcabe-Thiele . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.041, Greetham D, Zaky A, Makanjuola O, Du C (2018) A brief review on bioethanol production using marine biomass, marine microorganism and seawater. third substance like vegetable oil This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 3.2.2. Renew Sust Energy Rev 105:427443. The condensed reactants, also exemplified by blue and yellow, are fed back to the reactive zone. University of Michigan Chemical Eng. Bubble cap trays contain caps that allow vapor to flow into and out through tiny openings in the liquid. Butterworth-Heinenmann, 1990. Moreover, bioethanol is a biofuel that has similar energy content to gasoline, but emits less toxic pollutants compared to fossil fuels. Many of the entrainers used in azeotropic distillation are either proven or In azeotropic distillation technique, the formation of an azeotrope prior to the distillation is important. Avoid degradation of properties of some species at high temperatures. Both of them also use a certain separating solvent to help in the process. The solvent changes the relative volatility of the component to be separated. If the binary mixture has two components with relatively similar boiling points, then these components cannot be separated by simple distillation. So no salt vapor is inhaled by operators. gum, making it easier to extract Environ Chem Lett 16:327341. Extractive Distillation: A Review | Request PDF - ResearchGate RSC Adv 7:1500515019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.002, Khuong L, Masjuki H, Zulkifli N, Mohamad EN, Kalam M, Alabdulkarem A, Arslan A, Mosarof M, Syahir A, Jamshaid M (2017) Effect of gasolinebioethanol blends on the properties and lubrication characteristics of commercial engine oil. In that method, a third component is added to a binary mixture. In this process, the distillation process could form an azeotrope which can greatly help in the exact process of the separation because it wont alter the components like a simple distillation would.