Census data You should try to use other records to corroborate the presumed relationship, but the census may be the only evidence you can locate. Copyright 2006 NPR. Later material has a variety of subject headings. A., 34 slaves, Harris page 2o2B, PERSON, Willie M., 31 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PIERCE?, Archd. Check the microfilm card catalog under Executive Dept. 10 Rolls. Decd., E. Searls Admr. If the surname is not on this list, the microfilm Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and The U.S. Census is usually the starting point for any genealogical research, as (theoretically) all residents of the United States were counted or enumerated. Steven Deyle has written a recent history of the domestic slave trade in Carry Me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); the figures cited above are from page 289. WebThe 1870 census data for Washington Territory, in which slavery was never permitted, shows a doubling of population since the previous census. U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: These are now indexed and available on Ancestry.com. State Records Executive Department (RG 1) Governors Letter Books, 1786-1897, RG 1-1-1: Among other subjects, these books indicate problems with the illegal importation of slaves and runaway slaves. Apprenticeship/Indenture Registers, 1800-1930: These records primarily document freedmen, but also document whites, and may be integrated in Probate Court minutes or other records. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Edgefield County, South County, the number of slaves they held in the County, the District shown on the enumeration and No release date given in the source. Sierra Leone: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia In the 1870 and 1880 U.S. Federal Censuses, African Americans were Please note: This list of records relating to African-American records is not definitive. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of Privacy Statement The researcher should keep in mind that many churches in Georgia had both white and black members, and in some cases, slaves and/or freedmen were not allowed to have a separate church body. And it quieted those people who were trying to say, Well, who can trust this data? There were 4 million enslaved people counted in the 1860 The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Reconstruction Returns of Voters, 1867, RG 1-1-108: Lists voters number; date of registry; name; number and page in Oath Book; race; time of residence in state, county and precinct within a year; nativity by state or county; naturalization (if any); and remarks (if any). Image from the Library of Congress. here. Where did the freed slaves go? enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. during that time, and were therefore possible places of relocation for colored persons from Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the WebBelow are the figures for the slave holders, enslaved, and free Blacks and Mulattoes from 1850-1870. W. & two others, W. Jeffreys for, 21 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JEFFREYS, William, 32 slaves, Galloway page 192B, JOHNSON, Elizabeth, 74 slaves, Harris page 209B, JOHNSON, Wood T., 71 slaves, Harris page 201, JONES, Jordan F., 26 slaves, Harris page 200, KEARNEY, Jos. WebReconstruction (1865-1877), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and 4 million newly-freed people into All males between the ages of 21 and 60 had to pay a poll tax or head tax. Freed slaves, How Many enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves, and the transcriber, though not specifically looking The census shows no subdivisions within the County. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age County Property Tax Digests, 1789-2001 (RG 34-6-1) and microfilm. Should statues of slaveholders be taken down? Slavery, by the Numbers - The Root African American Library Directors in the USAAfrican American Women Veterans in and from KentuckyComplete A-Z List or List of SourcesKentucky Places or Kentucky Counties. In 1830 there were two African American slave holders. Because Kentucky did not secede from the Union, Kentucky slaves were freed by the ratification of the 13th Amendment. addressed in this transcription. Witheach county labeled with the exact percentage of people enslaved, the map demanded some closer examination. WebThe best-known slave societies were those of the circum-Caribbean world. % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the Nor can these maps express anything of the pain of the whip or the escape to freedom, of the exhaustion of labor or the sounds of preaching and shouting at a religious gathering: for that one must read any of scores of excellent histories. Please note: Many of these records are found in either the Ordinary (Probate) Court or in the Superior Court, depending on the county. The 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. This And we might say, can we generalize? Take for example, Charleston County, South Carolina. The page numbers used are the numbers rubber With the official blessing of the U.S. Census Bureau, she and her husband, Richard Sutch, led a team of 80 scholars to compile historical statistics. 191, WILLIAMSON, Tempy, 72 slaves, Harris page 207B, YARBRO, Jas. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. listed as having 15,993 whites, about a 2.5 times increase, while the 1960 total of 12,718 Slavery spread rather than grew because it was an agricultural rather than industrial form of capitalism, so it needed new lands. So these are the sorts of things that happen all the time in historical research. Check microfilm card catalog Tax Digest drawer for microfilm of tax digests not in Archives custody. But of course the freedmen needed to work in the fields to keep alive, and that meant that the adults, by and large, couldn't attend the schools. to finding that ancestor as a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable 1860 United States census - Wikipedia Chart. 1522. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material U.S. Slavery: Timeline, Figures & Abolition | HISTORY 1850 Slave Schedule 833 slave owners; 4,349 Black slaves; 574 Mulatto purposes. WebThough it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, Beginning in 1866, African-Americans are listed separately until the early 1960s. The data in my maps is drawn from the 1790 to 1860 Censuses compiled by the Minnesota Population Center, [National Historical Geographic Information System], version 2.0 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2011). Also available on Ancestry.com. I asked them for the story behind the numbers. Ms. SUSAN CARTER (Editor, "Historical Statistics of the United States"): A lot of these datas that are presented in those five volumes, they were collected and presented here because they answer a question that's relevant to American history today. Richard Theodore Greener We welcome updates and additions to this Wiki page. names to locate ancestors can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been An (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0a643818ab15e0',m:'F_7uB9IJtzGtz24h_rJ85qgBO_ANPQKAhCHEH8xs2DY-1682968928-0-Aao502NfAiDPXYlKJkXl/3cpDwtAz+88HUxzrgcuzHeY',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up The collections are indexed by main entry, by geographic location, by subject, by chronological dates, and by the types of forms used (such as diaries, ledgers, etc.). The majority of the 1890 census no longer survives. Business Solutions including all features. This animation of the density of slave population from 1790 to 1860 shows how slavery expanded more than it grew. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material (Georgia Archives Microfilm #91/72). Due to variable film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting So at the 1870 census a black man who reported he could not read or write by 1880 was now reporting that he could read and write. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the Franklin The (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County You are the visitor to this page. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the They assembled close to 2,000 tables on everything quantifiable in American history. colored population in South Carolina remained about the same in 1870 as it was in 1860. WebThe 1870 census: the first after emancipation As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African Some examples of newspapers available are Voice of the People, 1901-1904, a newspaper published in Atlanta by Bishop Henry McNeal Turner as the monthly organ of the Colored National Emigration Association (Georgia Archives Microfilm #60/22); and The Athens Blade, 1879-1880, which published religious and social news about blacks in Athens and some surrounding counties. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. Web1521. The rest of the slaves in the This interactive map and the Census data on which it is based can hardly show most of what should be known about slavery. 1880 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district 127, page 15, dwelling 123, family 123, Calvin Kelley household; digital images, Ancestry.com, NARA microfilm publication T9, FS Library Film roll 1321. 24,000 between 1860 and 1870, so possibly that is where some went, even though the overall FORMER SLAVES. the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyguy_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',340,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyguy_com-medrectangle-4-0'); The percentage of Southern families that possessed slaves was 30% in 1860. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. 5 Rolls. Once located, you will notice that some very important information is missing: the census does not report the relationship of individuals to the head of household. The Curious History of Slavery in Africa | Cornell Research Americans on the 1870 census who were enumerated with the same surname. (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 922) reportedly includes a total of 7,076 slaves. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy. including surname. researchers should view the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own | the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State and living in County), JOHNSON, 33402, 1870, 133, 2773, 1789, 122, WILLIAMS, 28865, 2124, 188, 3049, 2007, 168. When looking at the population density of all free persons (below in 1860), large swathes of the South appear virtually depopulated. Web15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was What happened, not Susan and I, but some other scholars said we have to treat this systematically. If an African American ancestor 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household. can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number For example, the Census did not count any slaves in Vermont, which abolished slavery in its 1777 constitution. interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested U.S. Coast Survey, Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States (Washington, DC: Henry S. Graham, 1861). WebThere were almost 700 thousand slaves in the US in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population, or roughly one in every six people. such age enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves. Annual GDP growth for the United States 1930-2021, Number of executive orders signed by U.S. presidents 1789-2022, Winning margins for votes in U.S. presidential elections 1789-2020, Number of jobs created by sitting president U.S. 1933-2022. Slaves 100 years of age or older were supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of list is a separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Type of taxes paid also indicate occupation and wealth. Slaves were TERMINOLOGY. During the reign of King Cotton, about 40 percent of the Southern population consisted of Black slaves; the percentage of slaves rose as high as 64 percent in South Carolina in 1720 and 55 percent in Mississippi in 1810 and 1860. 2023 historyguy.com. Available on the Virtual Vault in File II Subjects and Counties. The last U.S. census slave schedules were Ms. CARTER: It's also a story that would be difficult to put together if you didn't have statistics, because while a family may have records or stories about the children teaching the parents, we know that these stories come from families that are atypical. Alphabetically arranged within each section. Some collections are available in original format, while others are available solely on microfilm. A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. Estimates of the number of former slaves who County Court Records, 1866-: These courts were established in 1866 to handle civil cases in which the amount in question was under $100 as well as misdemeanor/regulatory crimes, previously handled by the County Superior and Inferior Courts. City Directories: Available mainly for Atlanta (1853-1990), but a few are available for other cities in Georgia. obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, County? It grew in intensity in places around the Chesapeake Bay, even as slavery was gradually abolished in the North. The slave population had a different dynamic. Use Ask Statista Research Service. colored persons from Edgefield County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Those who have found a free ancestor on the 1860 Edgefield County, South Carolina census can check this list to learn if Army. out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. Using plantation Of this number 2,572 (71%) owned 5 or less. PLANTATION NAMES. This region had had a long history of providing enslaved people for the Islamic trans-Saharan trade. and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were African Americans - The Civil War era | Britannica The Coast Survey map of slavery was one of many maps drawn from data produced in 19th-century America. purposes. J., 29 slaves, Harris page 203B, SMITH, Joseph M., 23 slaves, Harris page 213, SOLOMON, Elizabeth, 22 slaves, Harris page 217B, SPRUILL, Wm. on this list is beyond the scope of this transcription. 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). Learn more. The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. Following the holder 1870 Overview - History - U.S. Census Bureau of 1,543 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. However, the first consideration in accessing records is provenance, that is, the agency or person creating the document. Subsequently, Africans were transshipped to North America from the Caribbean in increasing numbers. The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, WebIn 1860, the government counted 4 million slaves. of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres. ", Slave Voyages, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph], Slave Voyages, January 1, 2020. Ga. Slave imports to the islands of the Caribbean began in the early 16th century. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is Data last accessed in August 2020. Most counties have indices to grantor and grantee, also called direct and reverse. U.S. Department of the Navy: Correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy Relating to African Colonization, 1819-1844. Bight of Biafra: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. census was enumerated. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Unless your family was lucky enough to have lived in one of the few counties that survived, you will need to find an alternative means to trace your family. " The data map was an instrument of government, as well as a new technology for representing knowledge. Initially slaves were imported because of a labour shortage, aggravated by the high death rate of the indigenous population after the introduction of European diseases in the early 16th century. Also available Available on Ancestry.com. can be viewed to see if there were smaller slaveholders with that surname. (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0a65c568d60071',m:'MhpALSZQcZAu2Fuzlo5nXUk5MSbEOm4kgqJvXIdPGeQ-1682968992-0-AarOA8GBEI1t1hUT9FbKuzOUbYmzmeEdepB/lFQyqBTt',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by WebFederal Slave Census Schedules, 18501860 Exist for Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey (1850 only), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory, and slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Using the 1880 census to identify families, The 1870 census: the first after emancipation, African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 - International Institute, The International Institute for Genealogical Studies, The International Institute of Genealogical Studies, National Archives and Records Administration, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_the_U.S._Federal_Census,_1870-1890_-_International_Institute&oldid=5300326. Georgia Archives only has those microfilm publications which pertain to Georgia records. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 changed the situation, and thereafter cotton culture created a huge demand for slaves, especially after the opening of the New South (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas). National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. Learn more. Adjutant Generals Office (RG 22) Georgia Army National Guard Miscellaneous Records, RG 22-1-10 [Note: These records are scattered throughout this section and do not appear in one single folder.] Marion overseer, 28 slaves, Franklinton page S.?, 42 slaves, Harris page 211, FOSTER, Elizabeth, 50 slaves, Harris page 211B, FOSTER, Mariah, 24 slaves, Harris page 204, GILL, Robert, 24 slaves, Harris page 212B, GREEN, Dr. Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. The census itself only constitutes indirect evidence. Around 1650 the Kingdom of the Kongo, which the Portuguese had ties with, started exporting enslaved Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Superior Court Minutes. slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data In comparing census data for different years, the transcriber did not consider any publication of slaveholder names beginning with the largest holders will enable naming of the However, occasionally you will discover that your family underwent a name change between 1870 and 1880. The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin Over the period of the Atlantic Slave Trade, from approximately 1526 to 1867, some 12.5 million captured men, women, and children were In one case, the Tuskegee Institute's figures on lynching were in question. Franklin County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . Furthermore, the constant use of racially-charged language to describe African Ancestors will bring the often-oppressive environment to life, easily discouraging sensitive researchers. National Guard Riot Duty, 1900-1945 [Examples: Augusta Riot, 1912; Carrollton Riot, 1901; Racial Disturbance Plans, 1944-1945; Riot Duty, 1943; Statesboro Riot, 1904] Colored Militia Companies, ca. available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . If you cannot find your family in 1870, try looking for their given names rather than just the surname. The population numbers from the 1860 census are shown below. Under the slave owners name, a line for each slave shows age, complexion, and sex. WebSlaves names were not recorded in the U.S. Census until after the war, in 1870. Digests after about 1930 may not include African-Americans who do not own real property. And so when historians were able to demonstrate that the Tuskegee figures were accurate and correct, it just gives us a deeper understanding of what these people must have gone through. 34 counties kept separate indenture registers: Baldwin, Campbell, Carroll, Chatham, Chattooga, Cherokee, Clay, Clinch, Coweta, Dooly, Glascock, Haralson, Jackson, Laurens, Liberty, Lincoln, Madison, McDuffie, Meriwether, Mitchell, Monroe, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Polk, Pulaski, Putnam, Sumter, Taliaferro, Terrell, Thomas, Washington, Webster, Whitfield, and Wilkes. A statistic about the literacy of freed slaves recently came to our attention. Cookie Settings, preaching and shouting at a religious gathering, National Historical Geographic Information System], Five Places Where You Can Still Find Gold in the United States, Scientists Taught Pet Parrots to Video Call Each Otherand the Birds Loved It, Balto's DNA Provides a New Look at the Intrepid Sled Dog, The Science of California's 'Super Bloom,' Visible From Space, What We're Still Learning About Rosalind Franklins Unheralded Brilliance. Owner Franklinton NC, Wm . 1966, RG 12-6, : Information on schools constructed with Jeanes, Slater and Rosenwald Funds, One Teacher Experimental Schools, workshops and teacher training programs. Immediately after the Civil War employers are often listed. listed as having 15,993 whites, about a 2.5 times increase, while the 1960 total of 12,718 According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin PURPOSE. for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. This is NPR News. B. Uzzle? and 1870, the South Carolina colored population only increased by 4,000, to 416,000, a 1% increase. for such named slaves, did not notice any such information while doing this transcription, except Census figures that year indicate that more than 591,000 of those residents (56 percent) were white, and nearly 466,000 (44 percent) were Black. 3,953,760 In 1790, the first census of the United States counted 697,624 slaves. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. Also listed were the reported fugitive and manumitted (freed) slaves and the deaf, blind, insane, and idiotic slaves. In the 1850 and 1860 censuses, there were separate slave schedules kept, but in almost every case Sutch and Carter tell Debbie Elliott what numbers reveal about literacy among freed slaves and the frequency of lynchings in the South. The data collected are used to calculate the number of seats given to each state Charleston County, South Carolina saw an increase in colored population of about WebSUMMARY. Statista. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. changes to County boundaries, such as the taking of part of Franklin County in 1881 for The proportions of slaves on the islands ranged from more than a third in Cuba, which went into the sugar and gang labour business on a large scale only after the local planters had gained control in 1789, to 90 percent and more on Jamaica in 1730, Antigua in 1775, and Grenada up to 1834. Marriage Records: Certificates list the names of the bride and groom, county of marriage, date of marriage, and the name of the official who married the couple. In 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham FORMAT. 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Of, 67 slaves, Harris page 221B, DAVIS, Dr. By the time the 1860 Governors Subject Files, 1781-1993, RG 1-1-5: Chronological. Once you have traced your ancestor back to the 1870 federal census, the next step would be to confirm whether your ancestor was free or enslaved in 1860. ELLIOTT: Richard Sutch and Susan Carter are editors-in-chief of Historical Statistics of the United States, which will be published this spring by Cambridge University Press.