in exchange for transportation to Pennsylvania. In the American Civil War (1861-1865), Pennsylvania was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in which Union General George Meade defeated Confederate General Robert E. Lee, bringing an end to the Confederacys Northern invasion, as well as Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. Updated: June 13, 2022 | Original: November 9, 2009. They owned plantations, mines and ranches No it wasn't. In 1681, William Penn, a Quaker, was given a land grant from King Charles II, who owed money to Penn's deceased father. (The African American-led Pythian Baseball Club and the Cuban Giants emerged in the 1860s and 1880s, respectively, around the same time as the Philadelphia Phillies.). The climate and geography of colonial Pennsylvania was similar to that of the current state of Pennsylvania. There are also more than 50 private colleges and universities in Pennsylvania. Southern Europe was also a valuable market for colonial foodstuffs. Part of present-day Pennsylvania was actually included in the territory named New Sweden that had been founded by Swedish settlers in 1638. The servants were used to meet a growing demand of cheap, plentiful labor in the colony. By Rudolph J. Walther, revised by ushistory.org. The social structure of the colonies. Pennsylvania State University (or Penn State; 1855), in University Park, is the state land-grant institution; it has many branch campuses throughout the state. In 1739, about one hundred fugitive slaves killed twenty whites on their way to Florida and were killed themselves when captured. ThoughtCo, Apr. Milton ended his formal education in 1871 and worked with a printer before starting an apprenticeship with Joseph R. Royer, a confectioner in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. When the supply of labor outstripped demand, wages fell and the level of unemployment rose. See answer (1) Best Answer. They remained peaceful throughout the years leading up to the Revolutionary War. It was founded in 1682 by the English Quaker William Penn. Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. Pennsylvania grew 8 times its original amount from 1700 to 1780. He set up the colony as one of religious freedom. Penn at that time was 38 years of age. The two groups signed the Treaty of Shackamaxon in 1682 which effectively formalized the purchase of the land and declared peace between the two groups. Removing #book# It is agreed that anyone of good moral character is capable of . 11.7% of the households in Pennsylvania speak a non-English language at home as their primary language. The founding of Pennsylvania, about 40,000 square miles, was confirmed to William Penn under the Great Seal on January 5, 1681. The expansion of slavery. All Assembly regulations must be uniform throughout each class, and no community can secure preferential treatment. The Articles of Confederation were also drafted in Pennsylvania, the document that formed the basis of the new Confederation that was created at the end of the Revolutionary War. Although the original colonies were given a general set of governmental guidelines from the British government, Pennsylvania set its own standards. The overwhelming majority of slaves lived in the southern colonies, but there was regional variation in distribution. Filtering into the backcountry of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas, they established farms on the frontier and grew just enough food to keep themselves going. Previous The conflict resulted in the War of Regulation, in which the western insurgents were crushed at the Battle of Alamance Creek on May 16, 1771. What Was The Social Structure Of The Maryland Colony? HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. By 1768, all of present Pennsylvania except the northwestern third was purchased. Pennsylvanias early history, influenced by the idealism of its founder William Penn, makes it unique among the original thirteen colonies. Philadelphia is a major centre of medical education, while Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon Universityformed in 1967 by the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology (founded in 1900 as the Carnegie Technical School) and the Mellon Institute (1913)makes that city a centre of . The Pennsylvania Colonys landscape included mountains, coastal plains, and plateaus and land suitable for farming. The governor in colonial times was a direct representative of the British king or queen. Philadelphia is a major centre of medical education, while Pittsburghs Carnegie Mellon Universityformed in 1967 by the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology (founded in 1900 as the Carnegie Technical School) and the Mellon Institute (1913)makes that city a centre of science and engineering studies. Wiki User. At midcentury, just under a quarter million blacks lived in the colonies, almost twenty times the number in 1700. The crops they grewbarley, wheat, and oatswere the same as those grown in England, so they had little export value compared with the staples of the southern plantations. Philadelphia is the states only first-class city and may have special legislation. The slave numbers increased, as had the white population, through a combination of immigration, albeit forced, and natural increase. Charleston, South Carolina, and Newport, Rhode Island, were important points of entry. The indigo plant was used to make a blue dye much in demand by the English textile industry. Pennsylvania's approach to government is historically important, as it played an important role in developing the foundation for American democracy and in leading the fight to abolish slavery. We strive for accuracy and fairness. What were the various classes into which colonial society - Socratic A 1968 constitutional amendment permitted municipalities to choose home rule. A significant percentage of Atlantic shipping was on vessels built in the colonies, and shipbuilding stimulated other crafts, such as the sewing of sails, milling of lumber, and manufacturing of naval stores. Pennsylvania Colony Facts - Softschools.com The treaty's duration was for "as long as water flows and the sun shines and grass grows." In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed into Delaware Bay, thus giving the Dutch their claim to the area. Although Shepherd devoted a chapter to the council, this institution still deserves a monograph. In 1610 Virginian Captain Samuel Argall visited Delaware Bay (he named it for Lord de la Warr, governor of Virginia). Most young people were educated after the education system in Pennsylvania was set up. After the war, Pennsylvania became the second state, after Delaware, to ratify the U.S. Constitution. By 1750, more than one million people, representing a population increase of significant proportions, were living in the thirteen colonies along the Atlantic coast. Penn and Taminend, Leni Lenape chief, exchanged wampum belts under the Shackamaxon elm in Philadelphia. Like all Quakers, he was a pacifist, and he was adamant that his new colony would avoid the . Pennsylvanias industry extended overseas and brought over more people from Germany, the Far East and South America. The Provincial Council acted as advisers to the governor and was considered the upper house of legislature. In the Chesapeake area, slaveholding was far from universal, and many of the plantations had fewer than twenty slaves. This is the lower house of legislature. In Pennsylvania, religious groups, ideologies and state laws reflected the thoughts of the men that created them when it came to a woman's place in society and at home. In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. As a result, Pennsylvania became a diverse and dynamic colony. Despite a seemingly peaceful transition of land, after multiple battles and failed attempts to live harmoniously, many of Pennsylvanias Native Americans gradually left and migrated west. Middle Colonies - Government In 1655, Dutch troops, under the command of Governor Peter Stuyvesant of New Amsterdam (New York), took control of the Swedish colony and held it until the British Duke of York seized control of it and all of New Amsterdam in 1664. For example, Parliament, concerned about possible competition from colonial hatters, prohibited the export of hats from one colony to another and limited the number of apprentices in each hatmaker's shop. After learning the trade, Milton opened his first business making and selling candy on Garden Street in Philadelphia in 1876. Explanation: The social classes during the Colonial times were determined by wealth, land ownership and job titles. Although women gave up their property rights when they married, single women and widows could inherit property under English law. Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by landowners. and any corresponding bookmarks? Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. What did Scrooge find at the other places he visited with the spirit? When he called a General Assembly to meet in Chester, the assembled body decided that the Delaware counties should be joined with those of Pennsylvania and that the governor would preside over both areas. One of the original 13 colonies, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers. The English and its colonies despised the Quakers for refusal to pay taxes in support of war or participate in any acts of war. Founding governor William Penn and his colonists chose to follow the general government structure but also diverged from general ruling practices by giving some power back to the people and allowing religious freedom. The colonies were part of an Atlantic trading network that linked them with England, Africa, and the West Indies. Economic recessions were common in the colonies during the eighteenth century, and they affected workers in the cities most. The Pennsylvania Colony was dominated by the Quaker religious beliefs and values. Kelly, Martin. The Cramp Shipyards, a producer of passenger steamships and warships, also helped pave the way for the states industrial profile. Much of the land was suited for farming. Now, in 1682, Penn finally stood on the shores of the colony of Pennsylvania. Any Swedish settlers were to become English subjects, seeing that the English were now in a majority in the colony. Herds of English, Welsh (people of Wales), German, and Dutch Quakers flock to the Colony, so a healthy share of religious diversity is present in our Colony. Numerous key battles and events of the war occurred in the colony, including the crossing of the Delaware River, the Battle of Brandywine, the Battle of Germantown, and the winter encampment at Valley Forge. Senators are elected for four-year terms and representatives for two-year terms. At the top of the hierarchy were the wealthy landowners and merchants, followed by the middle class of skilled tradesmen and shopkeepers. It was the only college in the world at the time to train female physicians. William Penn initially requested his land grant be named Sylvania, from the Latin for woods. Charles II instead named it Pennsylvania, after Penns father, causing Penn to worry that settlers would believe he named it after himself. Pennsylvania: Frame of Government | Teaching American History The religion in the Pennsylvania Colony is the Quaker religion. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Philadelphia: The Birthplace of Independence, Isaac Hershey purchased four tracts of land, Hershey name decorates numerous buildings, Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine, https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/pennsylvania, Named by Governor William Penn after his arrival in the New World in 1682, Philadelphia combined the Greek words for love (phileo) and brother (adelphos), engendering its nickname of the city of brotherly love.. Colonial trade and industry. Pennsylvania's first constitution, the Frame of Government was drafted in April, 1682, providing for an upper house and lower house of the legislature. At the turn of the 21st century, health services employed about one-tenth of the workforce, and health care was increasingly available throughout the state. This group also regulated trade with the Native Americans and issued municipal regulations. Social services provided by the state include child protection, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, geriatric care, and help for victims of domestic violence. The king named the colony after Penns father, Admiral Sir Penn. The council would govern when the governor was absent and this group was allowed to create courts of justice and assign judge positions. The three main social classes in Colonial society were the gentry, the middle class and the lower class. The colonial government was dominated by the eastern planters, and the poorer west suffered from corrupt government and excessive taxes. Pennsylvania generally exhibits the characteristic American pattern of rural conservatism and urban liberalism, although locally such labels may bear no relationship to particular parties. Even as wage earners, the journeymen often still lived with their former master and ate at his table. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. It held a diverse population that was religiously pious and hard working. He quickly instituted the First Frame of Government and created three counties: Philadelphia, Chester, and Bucks. 41 Interesting Facts About The Pennsylvania Colony For Kids In 1696, after a tumultous time back in England, having been arrested several times for disloyalty, Penn returned to Pennsylvania and established the landmark Charter of Privileges, which was approved in 1701. On March 4, 1681, King Charles signed the Charter of Pennsylvania, and it was officially proclaimed on April 2. The educational system is administered through public school districts that provide teachers, textbooks, laboratory materials, and physical equipment. As the supply of indentured servants diminished, in part because work opportunities had improved in England, the supply of slaves either imported directly from Africa or transshipped from the West Indies was increased. Pennsylvania Grades 4-8 - Social Studies Subject Concentration (5157): Practice & Study Guide 42 chapters | 352 lessons | 39 flashcard sets Ch 1. The second frame addressed several objections to provisions in the original document, and included a change to require three members from each Pennsylvania county and a rule that the member count must be between 18 and 72. The Pennsylvania Colony was a proprietary colony until the American Revolution began. Midwifery, which required years of training, was the one profession open to women. The seven justices of the Supreme Court are elected for 10-year terms; justices of the peace and of the municipal and traffic courts of Philadelphia are elected for 6-year terms. In 1884, Milton made the Hershey Chocolate Company a subsidiary of the already established Lancaster Caramel Company. The lowest rank were the African slaves, which were present in all of colonial America. In the period of European exploration, there was a flurry of activity in North America. Demographics - The Colony of Pennsylvania Infant mortality rates in the colonies were much lower than those in England, and life expectancy was considerably higher. The relationship between natives and settlers soured over the years as a result of miscommunication, an increase in the number of English colonizers coming to Pennsylvania, outward land expansion, disease and, most notably, a transfer of power. Later on the French and Indian War damaged their relationship. Within a few days Penn made a treaty with the Leni Lenape to purchase his grant of land from them, even though there was no law requiring him to do so. The lower class was the sailors and apprentices. One of the original 13 colonies, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers. The New England and Middle colonies (article) | Khan Academy In the years 1683-84, emigration increased, welcoming pioneers mostly from England, Ireland, Wales, Holland and Germany. After being appointed the first governor of Pennsylvania by King Charles II, William Penn set up a liberal political philosophy, and gave some power back to the people. The middle class included the . Manufacturing in the Pennsylvania Colony included shipbuilding, textiles, and papermaking. The City of Brotherly Love as it's known is where the Continental Congress held its first meeting and where the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution and the Gettysburg Address were written. Because of Hershey's success, Milton was able to fund the town of Hershey and his Hershey Industrial School for orphan boys. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Colonial agriculture. This marks the first permanent settlement by Europeans in Pennsylvania. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The state became a major oil refinery and storage center. However there was still religious freedom for other beliefs. Enslaved Africans and Enslaved descendants of Africans were brought into Pennsylvania, mostly by the English, Welsh, and Scotch-Irish. The Duke granted New Jersey to two loyal friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. Pennsylvania (Founding) - Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia . Pennsylvania's capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second . Colonial Society and Economy - CliffsNotes Pennsylvania was one of the Middle colonies, along with New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware. The descendants of the Dutch patroons and the men who received lands from the English royal governors controlled estates in the middle colonies. The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. In the late 20th century the provision of better health service to all people at all ages became a goal at both private and governmental levels. The Quakers were among the most radical of the English Protestant sects that had sprung up in the 17th century. Under the constitution, the General Assembly provides rules and regulations for local governments. Natural resources in the Pennsylvania Colony included iron ore, coal, furs, forest, and farmland. These generous terms induced many to set out for the New World. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879. The land he received was rich with natural resources including two river valleys, extensive forests and a large portion of the Appalachian Mountains. The town of Philadelphia was located in 1682, "having a high and dry land next to the water, with a shore ornamented with a fine view of pine trees growing upon it.". Amateur and professional baseball teams, department stores, a new free library system and theaters also came about around the same time. Pennsylvania has more than 100 four-year colleges and universities in addition to numerous two-year colleges. 1 In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. What was the social structure in Colonial Pennsylvania? The Plain Peoplethe Amish, the Mennonites, and other small sectshave kept their traditional ways of life based in the teachings of the Bible. William Penn was appointed by King Charles II to be governor of Pennsylvania in 1682. What Influence Did the French Revolution Have on Napoleon's Rise to Power? The First and Second Continental Congresses were convened in Philadelphia. Other schools with major reputations are Bryn Mawr College (1880), one of the Seven Sisters schools; Haverford College (1833) and Swarthmore College (1864), which are Quaker schools; and Villanova University (1842), a Roman Catholic institutionall near Philadelphia. By 1636 four New England Colonies were founded: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island and . Given the demographics, it is not surprising that the largest colonial slave revoltthe Stono Rebelliontook place in South Carolina. ThoughtCo. The New England colonies were founded to escape religious persecution in England.