1 million years ago. Attempts to resolve serious problems, such as war, famine or poverty through spiritual or supernatural intervention. A large amount of anthropological research has focused on identifying and interpreting religious rituals in a wide variety of communities. The land, labor, and technology used in production C. The way production is organized in a society D. Technology used to produce consumer goods E. The cultural aspects of an economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry. D. polygyny decreases household productivity because a man must provide for more than one wife. These rituals are used to bind members of the community together, to create a sense of communitas or unity that encourages people to see themselves as members of a community. An offering is: a. an economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural B. the market principle, redistribution, and reciprocity. C. Divorce is harder in a patrilineal society. belief in a single all-powerful deity. D. It requires cultivators to let exhausted plots of land lie fallow for several years. [41]. A. Marriages become more volatile. Which of the following statements about divorce is not true? then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, 1999-2023, Rice University. A. A festive event where the sponsors give away gifts and gain prestige in return. In general, the status of women A. rises as dependence on food production intensifies. B. Womens work usually contributes more to the diet than does mens work; consequently, there is less gender stratification. Jun 13, 2022 OpenStax. C. patrilocality. (ideological ritual) Society is a series of positions, each one known as status, as a member of society changes status, they change their social relationship with society. Verified answer. Rite of intensification Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same- sex sexual activity suggests that. B. Chiefdoms lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy. D. It was an important causal factor in the origin of the state. The term alienation is used to describe what phenomenon in industrial economies? When asked to explain his continued faith, one village elder explained: You Christians have been waiting 2,000 years for Jesus to return to Earth, and you havent given up hope.[44] This John Frum custom is sometimes called a cargo cult, a term used to describe rituals that seek to attract material prosperity. Display social structure 4. Neglecting compounding and changes in principal, estimate your monthly savings with the \mathrm {ARM} ARM during the first year on a \$ 150,000 $150,000 loan. Which of the following is not typical of state societies? C. It was permitted only about 100 days a year. B. are extended. B. encourage people to disregard social distinctions in choosing mates. 2. A village council B. According to the textbook, which of the following are NOT human mediators of sacred powers? A. Large-game hunting B. Nonindustrial food producing, C. Reciprocal D. Foraging E. Redistribution. E. Their diet is more varied than that of horticulturalists. The third stage of a rite of passage in which the individual returns to society in their new status and role. Rites of intensification (Social) Rite that functions to reinforce the belief system and values of society. According to Aihwa Ong, spirit possession of female factory workers in Malaysia is. c. if a negative variance is over-shadowed by a favorable variance, managers may overlook potential corrections. C. The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. During the days of seclusion, there are many different tasks as the girl is initiated into womanhood. Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is not true? Rites of passage and rites of intensification are an important part The objects and activities involved in rituals stand in for or mean more than what they actually are. Which of the following statements is true regarding arbitration? A. matriarchy. Salat establishes a direct relationship between the believer and God and affirms ones membership in a global community of Muslims. 48 terms. In what way is exogamy adaptive? E. Polyandry fails to meet Leachs criteria for marriage. E. They formerly wanted money for luxuries but now also need money for food. One notable example is a ritual that developed on the island of Tanna in the South Pacific. C. The way production is organized in a society, When a tenant farmer gives 20 percent of his crop to his landlord, he is allocating resources to a. C. Relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. Which of the following is found in all human societies? - separation stage. D. Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world. It was believed to sap a mans vitality. animism. Song contests C. Killing an offender. A) historically, arbitration has been used to resolve disputes over contractual rights. business math. E. accumulation of wealth. If there is a cohort of individuals participating in the rite of passage, such as an age grade going through puberty rites, the participants will share a strong sense of equality and social bonding among themselves, referred to as communitas. . D. women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and extramarital sex. Learn a new word every day. a ritual that is required to be performed by a religious authority. Following the circumcision, they live in isolation while their wounds heal, a liminal phase during which they do not talk to anyone other than boys who are also undergoing the rite of passage. E. Substantial bridewealth discourages divorce. What is the primary difference between a village head and a big man? A. Neolocality B. Patrilocality. C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. Unlike rites of intensification and many rites of passage, rites of affliction are usually non-calendrical and unplanned. mana. E. land, labor, and technology. A. Chiefdom B. false. A. Kinship and marriage B. Segmentary lineage organization C. Influence, D. Monopoly of force by a central authority. A. A. What have recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrated? A status that a person has little or no choice about occupying. When the war ended and the U.S. military departed, the residents of Tanna experienced a kind of trauma as the material goods they had enjoyed disappeared and the John Frum ritual began. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers? A. B. A. B. - liminality (or transitional) stage. B. Delivered to your inbox! Anthropologists view sexual orientation as learned, malleable, and culturally constructed. D. It is reinforced in American society by women working both inside and outside the home. Ascribed status B. The worldwide increase in female-headed households stems from all of the following except A. decreasing divorce rates. D. Most nonindustrial economies are strictly regulated by a government. When the participants return to their community, the incorporation phase, they are recognized as men and allowed to learn the secret stories of the community.[42]. Family of orientation C. Family of nucleation, What is the most stable social group among band societies with a seasonal pattern of population dispersal? In "Baseball Magic" Gmelch notes that fetishes are often associated with baseball magic. What is a mode of production? Chapter 4: Ritual Flashcards | Quizlet The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Chap 4 Anthro Flashcards | Quizlet Unlike idiosyncratic behaviors that an individual may practice on their own, rituals are learned and shared. C. Chiefdoms lack ascribed statuses. In Malinowski's research, Trobriand Islanders relied on three sources of information to guide them in their daily activities: religion, magic and science. The more substantial the joint property, the more complicated the divorce. polytheism. The major difference between animism and animatism has to do with whether the supernatural entity is: intensification. And sometimes the religious and the secular are intermingled, as in a marriage ceremony that is both civil and religious. E. Most economic activity takes place far from home. E. The Basseri and Qashqai were two of the age sets in Melanesian society. A. They formerly used shells for money but now use coins. - reincorporation (or aggregation) stage. B. dharma. These can be most closely related to? A postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture and international mercantilism B. How does horticulture differ from agriculture? E. Nuclear families are found only in industrial societies, while descent groups are found only in foraging societies. C. They were afraid that he was working for the national government to take away their land. In which of the following societies would you expect womens status to be highest? Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies? E. sexual practices of chimpanzees. Gender equality is common among agriculturalists. Students also viewed. Through Turners research on the Ndembu of Zambia, anthropologists were better able to understand these common mechanisms of social change. A situation in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time, B. B. not all cultures define incest the same way. B. A pantribal sodality that represents a certain level of social achievement C. All men and women related by patrilineal descent from a human apical ancestor D. All men and women related by matrilineal descent from a nonhuman apical ancestor, E. A group including all men or women born during a certain span of time, Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individuals power and prestige in a state? One example of a rite of passage among the Navajo of the southwestern United States is the Kinaald. A. A. Sororate marriage B. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Rite of intensification. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rite%20of%20intensification. These rituals tend to have a rather stable and repetitive structure that allows practitioners to follow along easily. A. They primarily fish for subsistence. Which of the following is the most common religious specialist? (credit: Holy Kaba by Camera Eye/flickr, CC BY 2.0), https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/13-4-rituals-of-transition-and-conformity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. D. Some Yanomami are being trained in health care. E. none of the factors of production. E. The Yanomami are isolated from missionaries and the Venezuelan government, and are self-sufficient. C. It impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotes population expansion. C. descent groups include only the children of the groups women. A. Missionaries lived with the Yanomami for 50 years, providing health care. It is a form of social death. One common rite of affliction in the Christian tradition is the laying on of hands. There are many societies in which women control all the strategic resources and engage in the most prestigious activities. A. generalized reciprocity. D. symbiosis. Anthropologist Victor Turner (1969) discusses in detail the significance of liminality in rites of passage. A. B. balanced reciprocity. One possible explanation was that the foreign materials had been given to the islanders by a powerful deity or ancestral spirit, an entity who eventually acquired the name John Frum. Shaman. The hajj is one of the five pillars, or primary tenets, of Islam. Anthropology Midterm- Ch.4 Flashcards | Quizlet Tribe. All rites of revitalization originate in difficult or even catastrophic circumstances. B. A sacred journey to a shrine or holy place, pilgrimage is practiced in many religions. A. Chiefdom status systems are based on differential access to resources. A person who holds a permanent political office B. Among the most common broad types of religious ritual, though, are rites of intensification, rites of passage, and rites of affliction. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans' primate heritage. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Rituals, also called rites, are performative acts by which we carry out our religious beliefs, public and private. The Kinaald is a traditional coming-of-age ceremony (a puberty rite) for young Navajo women that occurs shortly after a girls first menstrual cycle and involves her extended family and community (Carey 2010; Meza 2019). A hereditary ruler C. A person of influence and prestige D. A leader who avoids excessive displays of generosity E. A leader who has tremendous power because he is regarded as divine. Which type of a situation is most likely to result in a matrilineal-matrilocal society? They did not formerly have a concept of money, but now they have a full economic system. C. a discrepancy between external and internal genitals.. C. Gender stratification is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated. E. Men trade subsistence goods but not prestige items. Associated most commonly with birth, puberty, marriage, and death, these rituals can be prolonged ceremonies during which the individual receives instruction and preparation for this change in their lives. B. is higher in societies in which males do most of the work in food production. E. human sexuality is completely determined by culture. Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A patterned act that involves the manipulation of religious objects is termed a :, A prescriptive ritual is one that is :, A periodic ritual is one that is: and more. A. women are the primary producers of subsistence crops. Cross-cultural studies indicate that A. in nearly all societies men contribute much more to subsistence than women do. B. women govern the public distribution of prestige items. An increasing subculture of poverty C. Negative reciprocity, D. The separation of workers from the things they produce E. The great distances that separate the homes and workplaces of most people. Liminal The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. B. an unconscious protest against stressful and exploitive working conditions. What is a potlatch? B. Polynesia. Explain the social forces of liminality and communitas. Big men are chiefs who are trying to make their achieved status more permanent by engaging in conspicuous symbolic displays of wealth. C. foraging. SAU Cultural Anthropology Final Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following is not culturally constructed? The band, C. The nuclear family D. The clan E. The expanded family household, The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but. Band B. E. Village head is a permanent political office, while big man is a temporary position.