He, however, argued that from the archaeological point of view of the stages of human development, it is reasonable to assume that some form of evolution has taken place in the Ga language; either through migrations, conquest, trade, cultural assimilation or contact with speakers of different dialects has caused considerable modification of the Ga language. Promoting financial literacy in a fintech era: Some considerations Also, the DIPO or OTUFO customs of the Ga-Dangmes are said to be ancient Hebrew Israelites customs. The Asr group of people comprises of five different clans which relocated to the coastal settlements of Little Akra (Ga Mashie) after the destruction of Great Akra (Ayawaso) by the Akwamus in the early Sixteen Century. After two unsuccessful attempts to take it, the Dutch captured the castle in 1637 with an assault from the land. There they sojourn for some time, before moving on to the Boni Island in the Niger Delta Basin. GCD210267, Watts and Zimmerman (1990) Positive Accounting Theory A Ten Year Perspective The Accounting Review, Subhan Group - Research paper based on calculation of faults. Oral traditions had it that after the destruction of the Ayawaso Township by the Akwamu, and the death of the then Ga Mants Okaikoi in 1660, remnants of the Ga decided to come down from their hilly abode and join their friends and relations along the coast. war. They left Egypt and migrated to Ghana via Nigeria and Ethiopia there is much discussion around this on the internet. Many slaves were transported from the castle below. east towards the Horn of Africa. Each group's divisions are united by a common origin, history, language, and cultural legacy. Around the turn of the twentieth century Accra experienced a series of disasters, including famines, a fire in 1894, an earthquake in 1906, bubonic plague, and the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, as well as continuous emigration of skilled laborers. (UNESCO) Vol. The Ga-speaking peoples were organized into six independent towns ( Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungua, and Tema). 3:12.The descendant of Eri, son of Gad are believed to have founded the Nri Kingdom around 900 A.D of the South Eastern and parts of the mid-western Igboland in Nigeria with other tribes of Levi, Zebulon, Ephraim and possibly more. This was at the time when the Israelites had settled on the land of Goshen, from the eastern part of the River Nile to its estuary. Everything you need to know, Kim Kardashian considers leaving reality TV to become a full-time lawyer, her plan sparks reactions, British woman gives birth to Irish Twins 9 months apart, video goes viral, US may risk debt default 'as early as June 1': Yellen, Australia targets Big Tobacco in crackdown on vaping, "Signs of economic recovery are obvious": Akufo-Addo tells workers at May Day event. The tribe of Ga are descendants of GAD and are the hebrew Israelites. Other dialects available are Fon, Gen or Mina or Phla-Phera, and Aja. Oral history traces our ancestry from the old Egypt empire (ie Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and the tribes along the Nile Initially, they went to Nigeria through Ethiopia before settling in Ghana. Among which are Ngleshi (James Town), Kinka (Ussher Town), Osu (Christiansburg), La (Labadi), Teshie, Nungua (Little Ningo), and Tema. It does not matter whether the deceased's family is impoverished; they must ensure that their departed is ushered from the physical realm to the ancestor's realm with fanfare. According to the post, some people begin their celebration on Good Friday. The Ga-Adangbe or Ga Adangme people are usually grouped as part of the Ga-Dangme ethnolinguistic groups of Ghana, Benin, and Togo. Owusu = Owuolisu, i.e., death is crying: this is the nickname now belonging to every Odate. Field, Religion and Medicine of the Ga People, 1937. Kojo Ababio became so power-drunk that he refused to accept that Sempe had a right to elect a mantse for her own akutsoThe head of Sempe was the Mankralo of the AlataThis so infuriated the representative of the Sempe that at a Commission of Enquiry in 1907, he asked, I am a Ga, did come from Lagos and make me mankralo here? Although relatively small in area and population, Ghana is one of the leading countries of Africa, partly because of its considerable natural wealth and partly because it was the first black African country south of the Sahara to achieve independence from colonial rule. Here the contrasts that characterize Europes first footholds on the continent make themselves felt: the gray and white of the stone against the turquoise and green of the sea, the fortified solidity of the structure against the airy openness of the horizon. This is by far the largest tribe in Ghana numbering about seven million in total and nearly half the population of the entire country. Some of them include Ga-Dangme, GaDangme, Ga-Adampa, Ga-Adangme, Ga-Danmeli, Ga-Adampe, Ga-Adangbe, Ga-Adanme, and Ga-Ada. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Guan tribe: history, language, food, dance, festivals, facts The tribe of Ga are descendants of GAD and are the hebrew Israelites. Who has the biggest forehead in the world? So who could actually be called a pure Ga? Yes, Professor Adu-Boahen(1975) sates that the Ga-Adangbe differ not only linguistically but also culturally from the Akans. can see evidence of some of these in : The naming of children on the 8 th day (Exodus 12 vs 19); Male circumcision According to oral traditions,. Ababio withdrew his claims, but Sempes refused to accept the Alata mantse as the mantse for the whole James Town, although the Government continued to recognise him as such. Although Prof Irene Odotei writes that the Gas have a system of adoption which extends its branch to the children of couples of alien origins as far as the law of succession among the Ga tribe proper [ie. and the Ga are a mixture of peoples concentrated in the capital, many first-language Ga speakers also know English, one or more of the Akan languages (Fante or Twi), and/or Ewe. A wise man will most likely be buried in a coffin-shaped like an antelope, while a dead fisherman (the predominant occupation of the Ga people) will mostly be sent to the ancestral realm in a fish-shaped coffin. The group stayed there for some years before leaving during 672-525 B.C. THE GROWTH OF MODERN ACCRA There are many preparations for dances and music that these people make. HISTORY & TRADITIONS- (Re External Influence on Ga Society and Culture) The English; probably might pride themselves of and indeed feel lazy in learning other European Languages all because of their dominant language in global affairs but they can hardly escape the dilutions of French words such as restaurant and rendezvous, in their vocabularies. w e /; Ewe: Eeaw, lit."Ewe people"; or Mono Kple Volta Tsisiwo Dome, lit."Ewe nation","Eenyigba" Eweland;) are a Gbe-speaking ethnic group. Aboma, a suburb in Tshi came from. A section of Osu trace their origin to Osudoku in the Adanme area. While, they asserted that the Densu River and the Laloi lagoon with their tributaries coming down from Aburi in the Akwapem range, served as the Western and Eastern boundaries respectively. [12] T. A. Astley, New Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. Owusu = Wonwuso, i.e., he boldly . These people take their culture seriously and do everything set in place by their forefathers. Among other things, they still observe how to dress during occasions and the types of food to eat. As Professor Odotei (ibid) forcefully points out, so far no definite date has been established for the first migration into the Accra plains. [9] Margaret J. I will be exploring their heritage and other tribes later in this blog. Ga, also spelled Gan, or G, people of the southeast coast of Ghana, speaking a dialect of the Kwa branch of Niger-Congo languages. This is part of the Gur language that is also dominant in northern Ghana. INTRODUCTION Ga women are highly skilled in preparing different foods and making beer using various natural items. In his discourse of the establishment of two out of the seven Ga Mashie Akutsii (quarters), Reindorf avers that Ayikai Osiahene with his people settled near James Fort and founded Akangmadshe and Mereku, i.e. She argued that these were emigrant refugee families of the Ga Boni, Ga Wo, Ga Mashie and the Obutu fleeing in separate parties from Tetetutu and other Benin parts, probably travelling along the beach, and eventually settled along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea, in the Greater Accra region. Life on Krobo Mountain With this loss some of the Ga with their king fled from Accra and founded another state with its capital Glidzi across the Volta in the modern republic of Togo. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Corroborating Romers assertion, Henderson-Quartey (2001), citing from the work of Bruce-Myers (1927, pp.70-72) quoted him as saying, the Gas came all the way from the central part of the Continentand they are kinsmen to the Benins, who by their own choice, kept back in the course of the migration. This gives credence to the assumption that the Ga ethnic groups were once part of the people of Benin from the mid-western part of Nigeria. continue the search for a land of their own. Major Tribes and Ethnic Groups in Ghana - BuzzGhana.com Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana New Series, No. In the Book of numbers, the Bible had made extensive references to the children of Israel, which includes Gad and Dan and their children (Numbers 1:1-54). The Kusasi population in Ghana is estimated to be around 646,000. Where do the Ga-Adangbe come from? It is believed that the Ga-Dangmes Kingdom at AYAWASO was the first Kingdom in GHANA. suffering of his people at the hands of God almighty. Among them is the Kpakpatse We Royal Family, whose history we shall discuss in this discourse. These findings are supported with the quoted oral tradition below: Traditional accounts indicate that the first Alata mantse was called Wetse Kojo, who had a mantse stool carved for him by one Otublafo of Otublohum and adopted the Akan custom of odwira. Ghana Table of Contents. ORIGIN OF THE GA-SPEAKING PEOPLE Osu Forest) to the East.. After offering drink and asking for blessing from their gods they add[ this in Ga Language]: Milee nmaa kulibii Ayibo; Ni male nye yibo, Keje Lanma keyashi Ada Shwiloo, Keje wuoyi keyashi namli, Bibii ke ewuji fee abanu eko, Nii nyeke joomo juro ajoo wo. Prof Odotei translates these in English as follows: I do not know the number of grains of millet; Therefore I do not know you number, From Lanma to Ada Volta, From the north to south, Come to drink both great and small, And shower us with good blessings. The illustration here is that many supporting evidence as far the corruption of the Ga Language are concerned is cited. On that journey, they crossed Ethiopia and moved into Nigeria. Throughout the culture and history of the Ga-Dangmes of Ghana, is a very strong conclusive evidence that they are direct descendants of the Hebrew Israelties that migrated to West Africa by way of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Lake Chad, Ile-Ife, Dahome, Togo and to . Cook Loaf) to Tungma (Ussher Town) and other places, were taken over by the various wandering Ga tribes. In a case of D.P. Stride and Ifeka (1971, p.203) while corroborating these assertions of Field, further noted that it was at the end of the Fifteenth Century that the social organizations of the Ga towns began to change. They decided to stay when they realised that the Ga were reluctant to help them. In our globalized world, who dare you to tag a citizen as slave? But then, although there are different Gbe languages, the common one is the Ewe. e oldest area of settlement in Accra, now known as Central Accra, is composed of seven quarters, among which Asere, Abola, and Gbese are oldest and considered to be the most traditionally Ga. Otublohum originally was settled by people from Akwamu and Denkyera to the northwest. Accra developed from a series of contiguous settlements formed at different times by different peoples who developed a coherent but flexible sense of Ga identity. People are held accountable in this community for their actions. Biblical history suggests that Jacob, whom God named YISRAEL had Leah as his wife who gave birth to four sons for him. The Ga-Dangmes claim to be descendants DAN and GAD, the fifth and seventh sons of Jacob. The Ga language as compared with other spoken words in etymology according to Greenberg (UNESCO, Vol.1, p.304), is classified among the Kwa group of languages found on the African Continent. They speak in the Gbe language. http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/people/ga. This had been shown in Operation[s] Moses (1984) and Solomon (1991), where the Israeli regime airborne their starved cousins from Abyssinia. The abayan, cloth belonging to the deceased, which is torn to pieces, and each piece placed on the left wrist of the deceased relatives and very close friends, is an ancient Jewish custom. The Kpehi of Tema and other Guan groups are said to be among the earliest groups who lived in the Accra plains. Others posit they are one of the cherished lost sheep of Israel. The HOMOWO FESTIVAL (the PASSOVER) celebrated by the Ga-Dnagmes supports their claim that they are Hebrew Israelites, descendants of children of Jacob (Exodus 13: 1-10); Exodus 12: 1-50; Numbers 9:1-5According to Abbey in his book KEDZI AFO JORDAN (1968), Ga-Dangmes tradition during which they put money in the coffins of their deceased relatives prior to burial is an ancient Hebrew Israelites custom. Shamanism was their first belief when they worshipped their ancestors and gods. Nederlnsk - Frysk (Visser W.), The Importance of Being Earnest (Oscar Wilde), Handboek Caribisch Staatsrecht (Arie Bernardus Rijn), Big Data, Data Mining, and Machine Learning (Jared Dean), Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (Douglas C. Montgomery; George C. Runger), Managerial Accounting (Ray Garrison; Eric Noreen; Peter C. Brewer), Junqueira's Basic Histology (Anthony L. Mescher), Marketing-Management: Mrkte, Marktinformationen und Marktbearbeit (Matthias Sander). Abomsam is known to be the head of all evil spirits. Inheritance of other property and succession to male-held public offices are by patrilineal descent. According to some legends Ga number did not include women, children, old people nor the house of Levi (priests). They speak a variety of Kwa languages of the Niger-Congo language family. It is believed that one of the This castle was used in Ghana to ship the slaves across the continent. Major Ethnic Groups of Ghana - WorldAtlas Nevertheless, it is mandatory for any family who wants their deceased to be buried by the church to ensure that their designer knows how to create a bible-shaped coffin. In the early days, they wore this cloth for happy occasions only. tributaries of the Nile on the north. By the 18th century an estimated 68,400 slaves were exported from Africa each year, of whom about 41,000 came from West Africa, according to published accounts of the times. Asere is by far the largest quarter in terms of population and area. According to Odotei, other languages such Ewe, Hausa and those of European origins, have also contributed words such as Aboo garden in Ewe, and Abotsi friend in Hausa. Every office among the Ga was, and still is, vested in the We, and it is members of the We who decided who should hold office, subject to the approval of elders of the town. The Ga peoples also traded with Dutch, English, Swedes, Danes, French and what Professor Odotei describes as a host of interlopers of all nationalities. Nguyen Quoc Trung. Jacob has two sons with Rachel. At this point, it, away as possible from Egypt. They speak the Kwa Ga and Dangm languages. The Ga-Dangmes claim to be descendants DAN and GAD, the fifth and seventh sons of Jacob. From 1680 onwards, it became the practice of the Ga to seek refuge with their kinsmen in this new state whenever they faced difficulties in Accra. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Quarteys all over the world who wish to trace their roots and ancestry should visit http://kpakpatseweroyalfamily and read my blog for information on their origin. Quarteys all over the world are descendants of the Royal Family of Kpakpatse We clan of the Asr group of the Ga speaking people, which is one of the seven quarters (Akutsii) that constituted the Ashiedu Ktk District within the Odododiodioo Constituency of the Ga Mashie Community in Accra. Competition to secure land for farming, control trade . These classifications consists of the Kru languages, Western Kwa, made up of Ewe-Fon, Akan-Guan sometimes called Volta-Camoe, Ga-Adangme, Yoruba-Igala, Nupe, Edo, Idoma, Ibio, and Ijo groups. http://www.ghanadot.com have great information regarding this. The Akan, Ewe, Mole-Dagbane, Guan, and Ga-Adangbe are prominent Ghana tribe. As the Gas travelled south, they came across many rivers like the Ghazal and Jebe rivers; these rivers were before moving on to their present home in Ghana. There are many rules and regulations that girls pass through during this period compared to boys. They believe that they did not have any crops left in the past centuries due to the inadequate seasonal rains that made the people experience severe hunger. It is also to be noted that the tribe of Ga are no longer just found in Africa. Biblical history strongly lends support to the claim by Ga-Dangmes that they are HEBREW ISRAELITES due to the fact Ga-Dangme names are found throughout the OLD TESTAMENT. But then we can find evidence of, down orally in the history of others like the Hebrews, Ethiopia and Egypt t, It is believed that Gas may have also undergone the hash treatment the Hebrews had to en. The original Ga immigrants were farmers, but today fishing and trading in imported goods are the principal occupations. The Ga-Adangbe people have a unique culture with many traditional economic and social benefits, which is still observed to date. had it not been that, our ancestor wouldnt have spoken so much about Boma. What can be said without qualms is that the Ga people were not stable, but dynamic and engaged in the very common phenomenon of migration- the Homowo [Passover] festival had its origin in such migration the second divide of belief attributed the unleavened com bread to that of Jewish unleavened flour bread as the ritual food, the red clay painted at the door posts and the way the people eat in hurry during the festival are linked to the traditions of the Jewish Passover feast. But like the said Ewe-Israeli ancestral links, this one too, I have difficulty to accept whole-heartedly in that we know that Israelis cherish their blood bond. [2] They make up 3.7% of the population of Ghana. Ghana has a population of about 18 million. According to Reindorf (1895) the coastal towns established by the Ga-Adangbe speaking emigrants who arrived from Aneho, Benin, Boni and Boma to the Gold Coast in the early sixteenth century, stretches from Lanma (Mt. Moses and his brother PDF Ga People and Homowo Festival - carleton.ca The significance of the celebration is to commemorate Jesus's triumphant entry into Jerusalem. Examples are: NIIKOILAI (Rev:2, 6, 15); AMASA (2 Samuel 17, 25; 1 Chronicle 33 20-21 DJAANI/JANNE, 2 Timothy 3: 8; AMON, 2 Chronicle 33: 20-21; ASHALE (ASAHEL), 1 Chronicle 2:16, 2 Samuel 2: 18-19.King AYI KUSHI, spelled Cush in Hebrew, Genesis 10: 6 Jeremiah 13:23, Isaiah 18:12) led the Ga-Dangmes from Cush in Jerusalem to Ayawaso and was the founder of the GA DYNASTY. Prof Irene Odotei is right: The external factor is crucial element in the development of Ga society and culture [and] The reaction of the Ga went beyond mere tolerance and the desire for more to join them as expressed in their libation prayer- Ablekuma aba kuma wo- May strangers come to settle among us. So, Kormantse na Abandzefo, what are the true origins of your twin-towns? killing the sacrificial animals with sharp stones instead of knives, in order not to avoid defiling them, were also used in Akra.. The HOMOWO FESTIVAL (the PASSOVER) celebrated by the Ga-Dnagmes supports their claim that they are Hebrew Israelites, descendants of children of Jacob (Exodus 13: 1-10); Exodus 12: 1-50; Numbers 9:1-5, According to Abbey in his book KEDZI AFO JORDAN (1968), Ga-Dangmes tradition during which they put money in the coffins of their deceased relatives prior to burial is an ancient Hebrew Israelites custom. This was the 3rd group that left Egypt, and it consisted of all the other tribes who lived South of Goshen along the The Guan tribe, also known as Gonja, Guang, or Ngbanya, is one of the many ethnic groups in the Republic of Ghana. GA Naming Pattern - GhanaWeb Kusasi: origin, population, marriage customs, songs, festivals [10] Marion Kilson, Kpele Lala: Ga Religious Songs and Symbols, 1971. These Africans were from The slavery Gold Coast and would likely have spoken a number of languages which are still in use today. Most of these narrations are based on oral traditions, myths, legends, folklores, music, religious songs and many other sources; including archaeological findings. Of course, Loei is a Ga name for another species of dark brown ants, which meanders about in great swarms; invading houses, killing and devouring everything in their way. These are the languages that they speak in that area. Below is a quote from their blog. Reindorf (1895, p.18) in tracing the origin of the Ga indicates that F. Romer, a Dutch resident of the Christiansborg in about the middle of the Eighteenth Century states, that the Gold Coast was once part of the western division of the territory of the Emperor of Benin. To buttress this point, Romer further argues that, the insignia of the kings of the Akras were like those used in Benin, and most of their religious ceremonies, e.g. There are tribes in Africa, whose Hebraic customs and oral histories identify them as authentic descendants of the nation of Israel. The tribe also believe there are good and bad spirits. These are divisions of the community jointly established by the Ga-speaking emigrants, Fante, Obutu, Akwamu and Kpshi aborigines. So far, African They primarily speak the Guan languages of the Niger-Congo language family. In order to protect themselves from slave raiding that has become rife, these settlements which were threatened with extinction, had to combine forces to establish towns for mutual protection; and the setting up of military organizations to fight off these invaders. All quarters have clan houses known aswekushia,the original homes of Ga patrilineages, and chiefs calledmantsemei. Their original religion is associated with a spirit called ordzemawon. There are claims that the chereokee Indians and native Americans also originate from this tribe. Gas are said to have lived predominantly on the southern parts of the River Nile which is present day celebration of Hmw = Passover which has changed due to a great faming experienced by the Gas along the where they stayed for a long time; this place was called Boma near the beach town Cabinda in Congo (Zaire), but Henderson-Quartey on his part noted that the Ga Mashi, Ga Wo, and the Ga Boni in association with some Guan groups having formed part of the emigrants that re-grouped at Tetetutu, crossed over from the east of the Volta into the Accra Plains. Bereku quarters. The following forts: Crevecoeur (the Present Ussher fort), James Fort and Christiansborg, belonging to the Dutch, English and Danes, had been respectively, built. They then followed River Congo to its estuary (where it enters the see) mashi who helped Nuumo Tr bi of Nuua to find and make/form Tshi. According to him, historically, the Ga of Ghana were believed to have once lived along the eastern part of the banks of the River Nile during the reign of Thothmes II, the then Pharaoh of Egypt, circa 1700 1250 BCE. What is the culture of the Ga-Adangbe tribe? It must also be noted that, in those days, Gas didnt have scholars The activities require a lot of knowledge and are labour-intensive. When Leah noticed that she had passed child-bearing age, she gave her maid servant, ZILPAH to wife. The horn language of the Ga chief is also, with a few exceptions, mostly Akan. He protected him from the Denkyiras and when he was called to take over the Kwaaman stool Nana Ansa Sasraku provided him with 300 Asafomen from Akwamu to guide him to Kwaaman. Merchants in Accra acted as middlepersons in the trade of slaves, gold, and other commodities between the Europeans and the Asante kingdom to the north. Ga ethnicity was constructed out of many strands because of the multiplicity of trade contacts, religious influences, founding ethnicities, and cross-cultural contacts fostered by intermarriage. According to the Prof, the change in economic policy from free trade to the protectionist policy which the Ga peoples dictated brought them into conflict with their neighbours- notably, the Akwamu- former vassals of the Ga, who defeated the Ga in 1680. So he decided to let them go with Moses so that his people After being in a tributary relationship with the Akwamu until 1730, Accra regained and largely maintained its independence until it was occupied by the British in 1874. The Ga-Adangbe people inhabit the Accra Plains. The festival means hooting for hunger. The Kwa people of Africa include the Ga-Dagbe, Ewe, Akwapim, Fanti, Kwahu, and Akim and Ashanti. According to oral tradition, the whole structure of the Asante army that was started by Nana Osei Kofi Tutu l and helped the Asantes through many wars, was a replicate of the well organised Akwamu army. He further posits that while in Nigeria, these groups once again separated, with one part moving west to the land of the ancient Benins, while the rest moved north-west to Ife in the Yoruba land. They are also taught how to dance Klama dance. Unlike other scholars and historians, Amartey tracing the itinerary of the Nubians indicted that this group separated into the Ethiopian and Ga ethnic groups after they had left Egypt, with each group following different direction. Therefore, this festival is celebrated to overcome starvation. Ghana is among the West African countries with rich traditions and cultures. Again they migrated across West Africa and finally stopped in Ghana, which became their permanent home. Not until recently, I never knew that the Ga town- Pokuase, was founded by a man named [O]poku? Extract above from http://www.encyclopedia.com, My DNA interestingly enough shows the migration of africans down the coast of Africa from Mali and Senegal down to Nigeria Ghana Benin Togo Cameroon and Congo. It was situated between the Sahara and the headwaters of the Sngal and Niger rivers, in an area that now comprises southeastern Mauritania and part of Mali. Ga language according to Henderson-Quartey (2001, p.38) conveys oral traditions through which the history of its speakers are revealed, and the means by which the members of the society share their collective experience and knowledge through common bond. Guang people. They later migrated to West Africa and eventually stopped in Ghana, becoming their permanent home.
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